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Anatomy

Lower Limb

Question 172 of 180

A 67 year old man presents to the ED complaining of swelling to the posterior knee. On examination you note a pulsatile mass in popliteal fossa.Which of the following best describes the course of the popliteal artery:

Answer:

After exiting the popliteal fossa between the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscle, the popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the lower border of the popliteus

Popliteal Artery

Anatomy / Lower Limb / Popliteal Fossa and Knee

Last Updated: 25th January 2019

The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery after entering the posterior compartment of the thigh through the adductor hiatus just proximal to the knee.

The popliteal artery is the deepest neurovascular structure in the popliteal fossa. Palpation should be performed with the person in the prone position with the knee flexed to relax the popliteal fascia and hamstrings. The popliteal pulse is best felt in the midline, in the inferior part of the fossa where the popliteal artery is related to the tibia.

After exiting the popliteal fossa between the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscle, the popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the lower border of the popliteus.

By Mikael Häggström. When using this image in external works, it may be cited as: Häggström, Mikael. "Medical gallery of Mikael Häggström 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.008. ISSN 20018762. Public Domain. or By Mikael Häggström, used with permission. (Image:Gray544.png) [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Popliteal Artery. (Image by Mikael Häggström, used with permission. (Image:Gray544.png) [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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