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Anatomy

Abdomen

Question 17 of 180

The iliohypogastric nerve supplies skin over which of the following regions:

Answer:

The iliohypogastric nerve is formed from the anterior rami of L1. It innervates the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles and supplies posterolateral gluteal skin and skin over the pubic region.

The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior rami of nerves L1 - L3 and most of the anterior ramus of L4. It also receives a contribution from the T12 (subcostal) nerve. The lumbar plexus forms within the substance of the psoas major muscle, anterior to its attachment to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Ninovolador (talk) derivative work: Mcstrother (Gray822_es.svg) [CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Lumbar Plexus. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Ninovolador (talk) derivative work: Mcstrother (Gray822_es.svg) [CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)

Function of the Lumbar Nerves

Table: Function of the Lumbar Nerves

Nerve Spinal Segment Motor Function Sensory Function
Iliohypogastric nerve L1 Internal oblique and transversus abdominis Posterolateral gluteal skin and skin in pubic region
Ilioinguinal nerve L1 Internal oblique and transversus abdominis Skin in upper medial thigh, and either skin over root of penis and anterior scrotum or mons pubis and labium majus
Genitofemoral nerve L1, L2 Male cremasteric muscle Skin of anterior scrotum or skin of mons pubis and labium majus (genital branch), skin of upper anterior thigh (genitofemoral nerve)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh L2, L3 N/A Skin on lateral thigh to knee
Obturator nerve L2 – L4 Obturator externus, gracilis and adductor muscles Skin on medial aspect of thigh
Femoral nerve L2 – L4 Iliacus, pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris Skin on anterior thigh and medial leg

The iliohypogastric nerve is formed from the anterior rami of L1. It innervates the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis and supplies posterolateral gluteal skin and skin over the pubic region.

The ilioinguinal nerve is formed from the anterior rami of L1. It innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis and supplies skin over the upper medial thigh and the external genitalia.

The genitofemoral nerve is formed from the anterior rami of L1 and L2. Its genital branch innervates the male cremaster muscle and supplies skin over the external genitalia and its femoral branch supplies skin of the upper anterior thigh.

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is formed from the anterior rami of L2 and L3. It supplies skin on the anterolateral thigh to the knee.

The obturator nerve is formed from the anterior rami of L2 to L4. It innervates the obturator externus and the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh and supplies skin on the medial aspect of the thigh.

The femoral nerve is formed from the anterior rami of L2 to L4. It innervates the iliacus, pectineus, sartorius and muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh and supplies skin on the anterior thigh and medial surface of leg.

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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