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Anatomy

Upper Limb

Question 90 of 180

You have been asked to give a tutorial to a group of nurses regarding venous cannulation. As part of the session you cover the basic anatomy of the venous system of the arm. Regarding the superficial veins of the upper limb, which of the following statement is CORRECT:

Answer:

The basilic vein arises from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous network, ascends along the medial aspect of the forearm and arm and becomes the axillary vein.

Anterior Forearm Veins

Anatomy / Upper Limb / Anterior Forearm

Last Updated: 10th April 2019

The cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins are the main superficial veins of the upper limb.

Cephalic Vein

The cephalic vein arises from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network, ascends along the anterolateral border of the forearm and arm and drains into the axillary vein.

Basilic Vein

The basilic vein arises from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous network, ascends along the medial aspect of the forearm and arm and becomes the axillary vein.

Medial Cubital Vein

The two superficial veins communicate via the median cubital vein which passes obliquely across the anterior elbow in the antecubital fossa. The median cubital vein is a common site of venepuncture.

By Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Anterior Forearm Veins. (Image by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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