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Time Completed: 01:07:02

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Physiology

Gastrointestinal

Question 145 of 180

Somatostatin is released from which of the following cells:

Answer:

Somatostatin is secreted from D-cells in the pyloric antrum, the duodenum and pancreatic islets.

Somatostatin

Physiology / Gastrointestinal / Pancreas / Small Intestine / Stomach

Last Updated: 5th March 2019

Somatostatin is secreted from D-cells in the pyloric antrum, the duodenum and pancreatic islets.

Somatostatin is secreted by cells throughout the GI tract in response to H+ in the lumen.

Somatostatin secretion is inhibited by vagal stimulation.

Somatostatin acts to inhibit gastric acid secretion both directly at the parietal cell via a G-protein coupled receptor and indirectly via inhibition of gastrin and histamine secretion.

Somatostatin also acts to inhibit secretion of all GI hormones including:

  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
  • Cholecystokinin
  • Secretin
  • Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)

Somatostatin thus mediates:

  • Decreased gastric and intestinal motility
  • Decreased gastric and intestinal secretions
  • Decreased pancreatic exocrine function
  • Decreased pancreatic endocrine function
  • Decreased bile production and release

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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