← Back to Session

Time Completed: 01:07:02

Final Score 54%

98
82

Questions

  • Q1. X Incorrect
  • Q2. X Incorrect
  • Q3. X Incorrect
  • Q4. X Incorrect
  • Q5. X Incorrect
  • Q6. Correct
  • Q7. X Incorrect
  • Q8. Correct
  • Q9. Correct
  • Q10. Correct
  • Q11. Correct
  • Q12. Correct
  • Q13. Correct
  • Q14. X Incorrect
  • Q15. Correct
  • Q16. X Incorrect
  • Q17. Correct
  • Q18. Correct
  • Q19. X Incorrect
  • Q20. Correct
  • Q21. X Incorrect
  • Q22. Correct
  • Q23. Correct
  • Q24. X Incorrect
  • Q25. X Incorrect
  • Q26. X Incorrect
  • Q27. Correct
  • Q28. Correct
  • Q29. Correct
  • Q30. X Incorrect
  • Q31. Correct
  • Q32. Correct
  • Q33. Correct
  • Q34. Correct
  • Q35. X Incorrect
  • Q36. Correct
  • Q37. Correct
  • Q38. X Incorrect
  • Q39. Correct
  • Q40. X Incorrect
  • Q41. Correct
  • Q42. X Incorrect
  • Q43. X Incorrect
  • Q44. Correct
  • Q45. Correct
  • Q46. Correct
  • Q47. Correct
  • Q48. Correct
  • Q49. X Incorrect
  • Q50. Correct
  • Q51. X Incorrect
  • Q52. X Incorrect
  • Q53. X Incorrect
  • Q54. X Incorrect
  • Q55. Correct
  • Q56. X Incorrect
  • Q57. Correct
  • Q58. Correct
  • Q59. Correct
  • Q60. Correct
  • Q61. X Incorrect
  • Q62. X Incorrect
  • Q63. Correct
  • Q64. X Incorrect
  • Q65. Correct
  • Q66. Correct
  • Q67. Correct
  • Q68. X Incorrect
  • Q69. Correct
  • Q70. Correct
  • Q71. X Incorrect
  • Q72. Correct
  • Q73. X Incorrect
  • Q74. Correct
  • Q75. Correct
  • Q76. Correct
  • Q77. Correct
  • Q78. X Incorrect
  • Q79. Correct
  • Q80. X Incorrect
  • Q81. Correct
  • Q82. X Incorrect
  • Q83. X Incorrect
  • Q84. Correct
  • Q85. Correct
  • Q86. Correct
  • Q87. X Incorrect
  • Q88. Correct
  • Q89. Correct
  • Q90. Correct
  • Q91. X Incorrect
  • Q92. X Incorrect
  • Q93. Correct
  • Q94. X Incorrect
  • Q95. X Incorrect
  • Q96. X Incorrect
  • Q97. Correct
  • Q98. Correct
  • Q99. Correct
  • Q100. X Incorrect
  • Q101. X Incorrect
  • Q102. X Incorrect
  • Q103. X Incorrect
  • Q104. X Incorrect
  • Q105. X Incorrect
  • Q106. Correct
  • Q107. X Incorrect
  • Q108. Correct
  • Q109. Correct
  • Q110. X Incorrect
  • Q111. X Incorrect
  • Q112. Correct
  • Q113. Correct
  • Q114. X Incorrect
  • Q115. Correct
  • Q116. X Incorrect
  • Q117. Correct
  • Q118. Correct
  • Q119. Correct
  • Q120. X Incorrect
  • Q121. X Incorrect
  • Q122. Correct
  • Q123. X Incorrect
  • Q124. Correct
  • Q125. Correct
  • Q126. X Incorrect
  • Q127. X Incorrect
  • Q128. X Incorrect
  • Q129. X Incorrect
  • Q130. X Incorrect
  • Q131. Correct
  • Q132. Correct
  • Q133. X Incorrect
  • Q134. Correct
  • Q135. Correct
  • Q136. X Incorrect
  • Q137. Correct
  • Q138. X Incorrect
  • Q139. X Incorrect
  • Q140. X Incorrect
  • Q141. X Incorrect
  • Q142. Correct
  • Q143. Correct
  • Q144. Correct
  • Q145. Correct
  • Q146. Correct
  • Q147. X Incorrect
  • Q148. X Incorrect
  • Q149. X Incorrect
  • Q150. X Incorrect
  • Q151. Correct
  • Q152. X Incorrect
  • Q153. X Incorrect
  • Q154. X Incorrect
  • Q155. X Incorrect
  • Q156. Correct
  • Q157. X Incorrect
  • Q158. Correct
  • Q159. X Incorrect
  • Q160. Correct
  • Q161. Correct
  • Q162. Correct
  • Q163. Correct
  • Q164. X Incorrect
  • Q165. Correct
  • Q166. Correct
  • Q167. Correct
  • Q168. X Incorrect
  • Q169. X Incorrect
  • Q170. Correct
  • Q171. Correct
  • Q172. X Incorrect
  • Q173. X Incorrect
  • Q174. Correct
  • Q175. Correct
  • Q176. X Incorrect
  • Q177. Correct
  • Q178. Correct
  • Q179. Correct
  • Q180. Correct

Physiology

Endocrine

Question 110 of 180

Regarding osteomalacia, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

Answer:

Osteomalacia is a disorder of mineralisation of bone matrix leading to soft malleable bone. Rickets is a disorder of defective mineralisation of cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plates of children. Osteomalacia is caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. The most common cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency of vitamin D. Features of osteomalacia include:
  • Bone pain (particularly bone, pelvis, ribs)
  • Neuromuscular dysfunction (particularly in the gluteal muscles, leading to waddling gait)
  • Pseudofractures on x-ray (looser zones)
  • Elevated alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcaemia and low phosphate due to secondary hyperparathyroidism

Osteomalacia is a disorder of mineralisation of bone matrix leading to soft malleable bone. Rickets is a disorder of defective mineralisation of cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plates of children.

Osteomalacia is caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. The most common cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency of vitamin D.

Clinical Features

Features of osteomalacia include:

  • Bone pain (particularly bone, pelvis, ribs)
  • Neuromuscular dysfunction (particularly in the gluteal muscles, leading to waddling gait)
  • Pseudofractures on x-ray (looser zones)
  • Elevated alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcaemia and low phosphate due to secondary hyperparathyroidism

Features of rickets include:

  • Bowing of tibia
  • Poor growth
  • Pain in spine, pelvis, legs
  • Projection of sternum and chest wall deformities
  • Back deformities e.g. kyphosis

Management

Management includes reversal of risk factors, increased dietary intake, correction of hypocalcaemia and vitamin D replacement.

Report A Problem

Is there something wrong with this question? Let us know and we’ll fix it as soon as possible.

Loading Form...

Close
  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

Join our Newsletter

Stay updated with free revision resources and exclusive discounts

©2017 - 2024 MRCEM Success