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Anatomy

Upper Limb

Question 111 of 239

A 48 year old man presents to the ED complaining of pain in his right arm. He has a history of intravenous drug use. He has marked erythema to the anterior arm and you note an underlying fluctuance, you suspect an abscess in the anterior compartment of the arm. Regarding the anterior compartment of the arm, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

Answer:

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are all innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. The coracobrachialis and biceps brachii are flexors of the arm but not the brachialis. The biceps brachii and brachialis act to flex the forearm but not the coracobrachialis. The biceps brachii is a supinator of the forearm (together with the supinator muscle of the posterior compartment of the forearm).

Anterior Arm Muscles

Anatomy / Upper Limb / Anterior Arm

Last Updated: 8th April 2019

The anterior compartment of the arm consists of three muscles.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Anterior Arm Muscles

Muscle Function Innervation
Coracobrachialis Flexion of arm Musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii Flexion and supination of forearm (primary), flexion of arm (accessory) Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis Flexion of forearm Musculocutaneous nerve; small contribution by radial nerve to lateral part of muscle

Coracobrachialis

The coracobrachialis flexes the arm at the glenohumeral joint. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

Biceps brachii

The biceps brachii is primarily a powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint and supinator of the forearm. It is also an accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint (with the coracobrachialis muscle). It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

Brachialis

The brachialis flexes the forearm at the elbow joint. It is innervated primarily by the musculocutaneous nerve with a small contribution from the radial nerve.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Anterior Arm Muscles: Coracobrachialis (green), Biceps brachii (red), Brachialis (blue). (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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