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Anatomy

Upper Limb

Question 42 of 239

A 35 year old man presents to the ED after falling approximately 1 metre from a ladder, landing on his right shoulder. Your consultant examines the patient and notes he is unable to perform movements associated with the pectoralis minor. The pectoralis minor muscle acts to produce which of the following movements:

Answer:

The pectoralis minor muscle protracts the scapula (by pulling the scapula anteriorly on the thoracic wall) and depresses the lateral angle of the scapula.

Pectoralis Minor Muscle

Anatomy / Upper Limb / Pectoral Region

Last Updated: 8th April 2019

The pectoralis minor is a small triangular-shaped muscle that lies deep to the pectoralis major muscle and passes from the thoracic wall to the coracoid process of the scapula.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle

Muscle Pectoralis Minor
Origin Anterior surfaces and superior borders of ribs 3 – 5 and from deep fascia overlying related intercostal spaces
Distal Attachment Medial border and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula
Actions Depresses tip of shoulder, protracts scapula
Innervation Medial pectoral nerve

Origin

The muscle originates as three muscular slips from the anterior surfaces and upper margins of ribs 3 - 5 and from the fascia overlying muscles of the related intercostal spaces.

Insertion

The muscle fibres pass superiorly and laterally to insert into the medial and upper aspects of the coracoid process.

Function

The muscle protracts the scapula (by pulling the scapula anteriorly on the thoracic wall) and depresses the lateral angle of the scapula.

Innervation

The muscle is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve, which originates from the brachial plexus in the axilla.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Pectoralis Minor Muscle. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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