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Anatomy

Upper Limb

Question 62 of 239

You have been asked to give a teaching session to the final year medical students attached to your ED. As part of the session you decide to summarise the actions of the shoulder muscles. The teres minor muscle acts to produce which of the following movements:

Answer:

The teres minor laterally rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Teres Minor Muscle

Anatomy / Upper Limb / Shoulder

Last Updated: 8th April 2019

The teres minor is part of the rotator cuff.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Teres Minor Muscle

Muscle Teres Minor
Function Lateral rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint
Innervation Axillary nerve
Examination Hornblower’s Test: Position the patient with the arm elevated to 90 degrees in the scapular plane and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. Ask the patient to laterally rotate the arm against resistance. Test is positive if patient has pain or weakness.

Function

It acts to laterally rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint, together with the infraspinatus muscle.

Innervation

It is innervated by the axillary nerve.

Examination

Hornblower's Test: Position the patient with the arm elevated to 90 degrees in the scapular plane and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. Ask the patient to laterally rotate the arm against resistance. The test is positive if the patient has pain or weakness.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Teres Minor Muscle. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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