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Questions Answered: 238

Final Score 84%

200
38

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Anatomy

Upper Limb

Question 85 of 239

Your consultant has reviewed an 82 year old gentleman complaining of weakness in the right shoulder, she suspects an infraspinatus injury. The infraspinatus muscle acts to produce which of the following movements:

Answer:

The infraspinatus muscle laterally rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Infraspinatus Muscle

The infraspinatus is part of the rotator cuff group.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Infraspinatus Muscle

Muscle Infraspinatus
Function Lateral rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint
Innervation Suprascapular nerve
Examination Infraspinatus Test: Position the patient with the arm fully adducted, with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. Ask the patient to resist the medially directed force to the arm. Test is positive if patient has pain or weakness.

Function

It acts to laterally rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint, together with the teres minor muscle.

Innervation

It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve.

Examination

Infraspinatus Test: Position the patient with the arm fully adducted, with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. Ask the patient to resist the medially directed force to the arm. The test is positive if the patient has pain or weakness.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Infraspinatus Muscle. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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