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200
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Anatomy

Upper Limb

Question 108 of 239

You are asked to review a 45 year old carpenter who presents with weakness and pain in his left arm. You decide to test the strength of his left arm movements. The brachialis muscle acts to perform which of the following movements:

Answer:

The brachialis flexes the forearm at the elbow joint.

Anterior Arm Muscles

Anatomy / Upper Limb / Anterior Arm

Last Updated: 8th April 2019

The anterior compartment of the arm consists of three muscles.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Anterior Arm Muscles

Muscle Function Innervation
Coracobrachialis Flexion of arm Musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii Flexion and supination of forearm (primary), flexion of arm (accessory) Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis Flexion of forearm Musculocutaneous nerve; small contribution by radial nerve to lateral part of muscle

Coracobrachialis

The coracobrachialis flexes the arm at the glenohumeral joint. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

Biceps brachii

The biceps brachii is primarily a powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint and supinator of the forearm. It is also an accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint (with the coracobrachialis muscle). It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

Brachialis

The brachialis flexes the forearm at the elbow joint. It is innervated primarily by the musculocutaneous nerve with a small contribution from the radial nerve.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Anterior Arm Muscles: Coracobrachialis (green), Biceps brachii (red), Brachialis (blue). (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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