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Anatomy

Head and Neck

Question 32 of 180

The maxillary artery arises from which of the following blood vessels:

Answer:

The maxillary artery is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery (the smaller being the superficial temporal artery).

Maxillary Artery

Anatomy / Head and Neck / Infratemporal Fossa

Last Updated: 11th April 2019

The maxillary artery is the largest branch of the external carotid artery and a major source of blood supply for the nasal cavity, the lateral wall and roof of the oral cavity, all teeth and the dura mater in the cranial cavity.

It passes through and supplies the infratemporal fossa and then enters the pterygopalatine fossa, where it gives origin to terminal branches.

Middle Meningeal Artery

The middle meningeal artery arises from the maxillary artery and ascends vertically to enter the cranial cavity. Within the cranial cavity, the middle meningeal artery and its branches travel in the outer layer of the dura mater, where they can be damaged by lateral blows to the head. When the vessels are torn, the leaking blood, which is under arterial pressure, separates the dura from its attachment to bone, resulting in an extradural haematoma.

By User:Mikael Häggström [Public domain, Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Branches of the Maxillary Artery. (Image By Mikael Häggström [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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