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Anatomy

Lower Limb

Question 168 of 180

Which one of the following muscles is most important in 'unlocking' the knee from the extended position:

Answer:

The popliteus muscle 'unlocks' the knee from the fully extended 'locked' position by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the fixed tibia and hences assists in initiation of flexion of the leg at the knee joint.

Popliteus Muscle

Anatomy / Lower Limb / Popliteal Fossa and Knee

Last Updated: 20th February 2019

The popliteus muscle is the smallest and most superior of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.

The popliteus muscle 'unlocks' the knee from the fully extended 'locked' position by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the fixed tibia and hences assists in initiation of flexion of the leg at the knee joint. It stabilises the knee by resisting lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur.

The popliteus muscle is also attached to the lateral meniscus in the knee and draws it posteriorly during knee flexion thus preventing its entrapment.

The popliteus is innervated by the tibial nerve.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Popliteus Muscle. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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