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Anatomy

Lower Limb

Question 49 of 180

Which of the following muscles is NOT found in the anterior compartment of the leg:

Answer:

The anterior compartment of the leg is made up of four muscles: the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus and the fibularis tertius.

Anterior Leg Muscles

The anterior compartment of the leg is made up of four muscles: the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus and the fibularis tertius which collectively dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Anterior Leg Muscles

Muscle Function Innervation
Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot, support of medial arch of foot Deep fibular nerve
Extensor hallucis longus Extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot Deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot Deep fibular nerve
Fibularis tertius Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot Deep fibular nerve

Innervation

These muscles are all innervated by the deep fibular nerve.

Function

The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle, inverts the foot at the intertarsal joints and provides dynamic support of the medial arch of the foot while walking.

The extensor hallucis longus extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint.

The extensor digitorum longus extends the lateral four toes and dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle.

The fibularis tertius, sometimes considered part of the extensor digitorum longus, assists in dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Anterior Leg Muscles: Tibialis anterior (red), Extensor hallucis longus (green), Extensor digitorum longus (blue), Fibularis tertius (yellow). (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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