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Anatomy

Lower Limb

Question 65 of 180

A 23 year old rugby player presents to the ED complaining of ongoing thigh pain following a match 3 days ago. Imaging has been arranged which shows a traumatic injury to the rectus femoris. The rectus femoris muscle acts primarily to produce which of the following movements:

Answer:

The quadriceps femoris muscle is the main extensor of the leg at the knee joint. The rectus femoris crosses both the knee and the hip joint (in contrast to the vastus muscles which only cross the knee joint), and therefore also assists in flexion of the thigh at the hip joint.

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

The quadriceps femoris is made up of four individual muscles; the rectus femoris, the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris) and the vastus lateralis which all insert onto the patella by the common quadriceps femoris tendon. Because the vastus muscles insert into the margins of the patella as well as into the quadriceps femoris tendon, they stabilise the position of the patella during knee joint movement.

Table: Function and Innervation of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

Muscle Function Innervation
Rectus femoris Flexion at hip and extension at knee Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis Extension at knee Femoral nerve
Vastus medialis Extension at knee Femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius Extension at knee Femoral nerve

Function

The quadriceps femoris muscles are the main extensors of the leg at the knee joint. The rectus femoris crosses both the knee and the hip joint (in contrast to the vastus muscles which only cross the knee joint), and therefore also assists in flexion of the thigh at the hip joint.

Innervation

The quadriceps femoris muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve.

Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Quadriceps Femoris Muscles: Rectus Femoris (red), Vastus Medialis (blue), Vastus Lateralis (green). (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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Close
  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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