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Anatomy

Head and Neck

Question 189 of 190

The skin over the scalp posterior to the ears and the vertex is supplied by:

Answer:

The skin of the scalp posterior to the ears and vertex is supplied by branches of the cervical nerves from spinal cord levels C2 and C3.

Cutaneous Innervation of Scalp

Anatomy / Head and Neck / Scalp

Last Updated: 19th February 2019

Anterior to the ears and the vertex the scalp is supplied by branches of the trigeminal nerve:

  • The supratrochlear nerve supplies the front of the forehead near the midline
  • The supraorbital nerve supplies the forehead as far back as the vertex
  • The zygomaticotemporal nerve supplies the scalp over a small anterior area of the temple
  • The auriculotemporal nerve supplies the scalp over the temporal region and anterior to the ear extending superiorly near to the vertex.

Posterior to the ears and the vertex the scalp is supplied by cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3:

  • The great auricular nerve (anterior rami of C2 - C3, from the cervical plexus) supplies a small area of the scalp just posterior to the ear
  • The lesser occipital nerve (anterior ramus of C2, from the cervical plexus) supplies an area of the scalp posterior and superior to the ear
  • The greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2) supplies a large part of the posterior scalp as far superiorly as the vertex
  • The third occipital nerve (posterior ramus C3) supplies a small area of the lower part of the scalp.

By Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator (Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator) [CC BY 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons

Cutaneous Innervation of the Head. (Image by Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator [CC BY 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l
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