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Questions Answered: 190

Final Score 35%

66
124

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Anatomy

Head and Neck

Question 139 of 190

A 28 year old woman complains of dryness of the nose and the palate. A lesion is most likely affecting which of the following ganglia:

Answer:

Postganglionic secretomotor parasympathetic fibres originating in the pterygopalatine ganglion innervates glands in the palate and nasal mucosa. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion supply the parotid gland, from the submandibular ganglion supply the submandibular and sublingual glands and from the ciliary ganglion supply the ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae.

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Anatomy / Head and Neck / Infratemporal Fossa

Last Updated: 12th February 2019

The pterygopalatine ganglion sits in the pterygopalatine fossa.

It receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve (via the greater petrosal nerve). It also receives postganglionic sympathetic fibres originating from the T1 spinal cord.

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres, arising in the pterygopalatine ganglion, join the general sensory branches of the maxillary nerve, as do the postganglionic sympathetic fibres.

The three types of fibres leave the ganglion to supply the nose and palate by way of branches of the maxillary nerve.

By Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Pterygopalatine Ganglion. (Image by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l
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