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Questions Answered: 190

Final Score 35%

66
124

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Anatomy

Head and Neck

Question 51 of 190

Regarding the inner ear, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

Answer:

The inner ear is located in the petrous part of the temporal bone. The cochlear duct is the organ of hearing. The semicircular ducts and sacs (utricle and saccule) are the organs of balance. The malleus, incus and stapes are components of the middle ear. The pharyngotympanic tube connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx.

Inner Ear

Anatomy / Head and Neck / Ear

Last Updated: 23rd April 2020

The internal ear consists of a series of bony cavities in the petrous part of the temporal bone, bounded laterally by the middle ear and medially by the internal acoustic meatus, and the membranous sacs and ducts within these cavities.

The internal auditory meatus is a canal within the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull between the inner ear and the posterior cranial fossa. The internal auditory meatus provides a passage through which the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), the facial nerve (CN VII), and the labyrinthine artery (an internal auditory branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 85% of people) can pass from inside the skull to structures of the inner ear and face. It also contains the vestibular ganglion.

By OpenStax [CC BY 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Structure of the Ear. (Image by OpenStax [CC BY 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons)

Function

The structures of the inner ear convey information to the brain about balance and hearing. The cochlear duct is the organ of hearing. The semicircular ducts and sacs (utricle and saccule) are the organs of balance.

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l
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