← Back to Session

Time Completed: 01:08:33

Final Score 46%

83
97

Questions

  • Q1. Correct
  • Q2. X Incorrect
  • Q3. Correct
  • Q4. Correct
  • Q5. X Incorrect
  • Q6. Correct
  • Q7. X Incorrect
  • Q8. Correct
  • Q9. X Incorrect
  • Q10. Correct
  • Q11. Correct
  • Q12. Correct
  • Q13. Correct
  • Q14. Correct
  • Q15. X Incorrect
  • Q16. X Incorrect
  • Q17. Correct
  • Q18. X Incorrect
  • Q19. Correct
  • Q20. X Incorrect
  • Q21. X Incorrect
  • Q22. Correct
  • Q23. Correct
  • Q24. X Incorrect
  • Q25. Correct
  • Q26. Correct
  • Q27. Correct
  • Q28. X Incorrect
  • Q29. X Incorrect
  • Q30. X Incorrect
  • Q31. Correct
  • Q32. X Incorrect
  • Q33. X Incorrect
  • Q34. Correct
  • Q35. X Incorrect
  • Q36. X Incorrect
  • Q37. Correct
  • Q38. X Incorrect
  • Q39. X Incorrect
  • Q40. X Incorrect
  • Q41. Correct
  • Q42. X Incorrect
  • Q43. Correct
  • Q44. X Incorrect
  • Q45. Correct
  • Q46. X Incorrect
  • Q47. X Incorrect
  • Q48. X Incorrect
  • Q49. X Incorrect
  • Q50. Correct
  • Q51. Correct
  • Q52. Correct
  • Q53. Correct
  • Q54. Correct
  • Q55. X Incorrect
  • Q56. Correct
  • Q57. Correct
  • Q58. X Incorrect
  • Q59. Correct
  • Q60. Correct
  • Q61. X Incorrect
  • Q62. X Incorrect
  • Q63. X Incorrect
  • Q64. X Incorrect
  • Q65. X Incorrect
  • Q66. X Incorrect
  • Q67. Correct
  • Q68. X Incorrect
  • Q69. Correct
  • Q70. X Incorrect
  • Q71. Correct
  • Q72. Correct
  • Q73. X Incorrect
  • Q74. Correct
  • Q75. X Incorrect
  • Q76. X Incorrect
  • Q77. Correct
  • Q78. Correct
  • Q79. X Incorrect
  • Q80. X Incorrect
  • Q81. Correct
  • Q82. X Incorrect
  • Q83. X Incorrect
  • Q84. Correct
  • Q85. X Incorrect
  • Q86. X Incorrect
  • Q87. Correct
  • Q88. X Incorrect
  • Q89. Correct
  • Q90. Correct
  • Q91. X Incorrect
  • Q92. Correct
  • Q93. X Incorrect
  • Q94. X Incorrect
  • Q95. X Incorrect
  • Q96. Correct
  • Q97. X Incorrect
  • Q98. Correct
  • Q99. X Incorrect
  • Q100. Correct
  • Q101. X Incorrect
  • Q102. Correct
  • Q103. X Incorrect
  • Q104. X Incorrect
  • Q105. X Incorrect
  • Q106. X Incorrect
  • Q107. Correct
  • Q108. X Incorrect
  • Q109. Correct
  • Q110. X Incorrect
  • Q111. X Incorrect
  • Q112. Correct
  • Q113. X Incorrect
  • Q114. Correct
  • Q115. Correct
  • Q116. Correct
  • Q117. X Incorrect
  • Q118. Correct
  • Q119. X Incorrect
  • Q120. Correct
  • Q121. Correct
  • Q122. Correct
  • Q123. Correct
  • Q124. Correct
  • Q125. X Incorrect
  • Q126. Correct
  • Q127. X Incorrect
  • Q128. X Incorrect
  • Q129. Correct
  • Q130. Correct
  • Q131. X Incorrect
  • Q132. X Incorrect
  • Q133. X Incorrect
  • Q134. X Incorrect
  • Q135. X Incorrect
  • Q136. Correct
  • Q137. Correct
  • Q138. X Incorrect
  • Q139. X Incorrect
  • Q140. Correct
  • Q141. Correct
  • Q142. X Incorrect
  • Q143. Correct
  • Q144. X Incorrect
  • Q145. X Incorrect
  • Q146. X Incorrect
  • Q147. X Incorrect
  • Q148. X Incorrect
  • Q149. X Incorrect
  • Q150. Correct
  • Q151. X Incorrect
  • Q152. X Incorrect
  • Q153. Correct
  • Q154. X Incorrect
  • Q155. X Incorrect
  • Q156. X Incorrect
  • Q157. Correct
  • Q158. Correct
  • Q159. X Incorrect
  • Q160. X Incorrect
  • Q161. Correct
  • Q162. X Incorrect
  • Q163. X Incorrect
  • Q164. Correct
  • Q165. X Incorrect
  • Q166. X Incorrect
  • Q167. Correct
  • Q168. Correct
  • Q169. X Incorrect
  • Q170. X Incorrect
  • Q171. Correct
  • Q172. Correct
  • Q173. Correct
  • Q174. X Incorrect
  • Q175. Correct
  • Q176. Correct
  • Q177. Correct
  • Q178. X Incorrect
  • Q179. X Incorrect
  • Q180. X Incorrect

Physiology

Basic Cellular

Question 141 of 180

Regarding tonicity, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:

Answer:

Tonicity is a measure of the relative effective osmotic potentials of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. Tonicity is usually used to describe the effective osmotic potential of a solution relative to plasma. A fluid at the same osmotic potential as plasma is said to be isotonic; one at higher potential is hypertonic and one at lower potential is hypotonic. Taking on board fluids of differing osmotic potentials has distinct effects on the distribution of water between cells and extracellular fluids.

Osmosis and Tonicity

Definition

Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of low solute concentration to those of higher solute concentration. Biological membranes are semipermeable in that they usually allow the free movement of water but restrict the movement of solutes.

The creation of osmotic gradients in this way is the primary method of movement of water within the body, and thus the osmotic potential of body fluids is tightly regulated by homeostatic control mechanisms.

Tonicity

Tonicity is a measure of the relative effective osmotic potentials of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. Tonicity is usually used to describe the effective osmotic potential of a solution relative to plasma.

A fluid at the same osmotic potential as plasma is said to be isotonic; one at higher potential is hypertonic and one at lower potential is hypotonic.

Taking on board fluids of differing osmotic potentials has distinct effects on the distribution of water between cells and extracellular fluids.

Fluid Water Movement
Hypertonic fluid Extracellular fluid becomes more concentrated relative to intracellular fluid, osmotic potential draws water out of cells, cells lose water and shrink (crenation)
Isotonic fluid Extracellular and intracellular fluid are isotonic, no osmotic potential generated, no net movement of water
Hypotonic fluid Extracellular fluid diluted relative to intracellular fluid, osmotic potential draws water into cells, cells swell and may burst

Report A Problem

Is there something wrong with this question? Let us know and we’ll fix it as soon as possible.

Loading Form...

Close
  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

Join our Newsletter

Stay updated with free revision resources and exclusive discounts

©2017 - 2024 MRCEM Success