The stomach receives its blood supply primarily from which of the following arteries:
The stomach is the most dilated part of the gastrointestinal tract and has a J-like shape. The stomach is in the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondrial regions of the abdomen. It is an intraperitoneal organ.
Surface Markings of the Stomach. (Image by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
The stomach is divided into four regions:
The most distal portion of the pyloric canal contains a thickened ring of gastric circular muscle, the pyloric sphincter that surrounds the distal pyloric orifice. The pyloric orifice is just to the right of the midline in the transpyloric plane. The pyloric sphincter controls the exit of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum. The sphincter is constricted by sympathetic stimulation and relaxed by parasympathetic action. Parasympathetic fibres in the vagus nerve are also secretomotor to gastric glands and motor to muscular wall of stomach.
Stomach. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
The stomach lies inferior to the diaphragm.
The stomach lies posterior to:
The stomach lies anterior to the stomach bed formed by:
Relations of the Stomach. (Image by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
The arterial supply to the stomach is derived from all three branches (left gastric, splenic and common hepatic branches) of the coeliac trunk.
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Biochemistry | Normal Value |
---|---|
Sodium | 135 – 145 mmol/l |
Potassium | 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l |
Urea | 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l |
Glucose | 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l |
Creatinine | 35 – 135 μmol/l |
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | 5 – 35 U/l |
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | < 65 U/l |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 30 – 135 U/l |
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | < 40 U/l |
Total Protein | 60 – 80 g/l |
Albumin | 35 – 50 g/l |
Globulin | 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl |
Amylase | < 70 U/l |
Total Bilirubin | 3 – 17 μmol/l |
Calcium | 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l |
Chloride | 95 – 105 mmol/l |
Phosphate | 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l |
Haematology | Normal Value |
---|---|
Haemoglobin | 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl |
White Blood Cells | 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l |
Platelets | 150 – 450 x 109/l |
MCV | 80 – 96 fl |
MCHC | 32 – 36 g/dl |
Neutrophils | 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l |
Lymphocytes | 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l |
Monocytes | 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l |
Eosinophils | 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l |
Basophils | < 0.2 x 109/l |
Reticulocytes | < 2% |
Haematocrit | 0.35 – 0.49 |
Red Cell Distribution Width | 11 – 15% |
Blood Gases | Normal Value |
---|---|
pH | 7.35 – 7.45 |
pO2 | 11 – 14 kPa |
pCO2 | 4.5 – 6.0 kPa |
Base Excess | -2 – +2 mmol/l |
Bicarbonate | 24 – 30 mmol/l |
Lactate | < 2 mmol/l |