Anatomy
Abdomen
The ovarian visceral afferent fibres usual follow sympathetic efferents to spinal cord segments:
Answer:
Visceral afferent fibres usual follow the sympathetic fibres of the ovarian plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves to cell bodies in the T10 - T12 and L1 spinal sensory ganglia; pain is thus referred to the periumbilical region, suprapubic region and groin. Additionally ovarian pain can also be referred to the medial aspect of the thigh by route of the adjacent obturator nerve.Ovary
Anatomy / Abdomen / Female Reproductive System
Last Updated: 11th April 2019
Ovaries are the site of egg production, which are ovulated into the peritoneal cavity and normally directed into the adjacent openings of the uterine tube by fimbriae on the ends of the uterine tubes.
Relations
The ovaries lies adjacent to the lateral pelvic wall just inferior to the pelvic inlet. Each of the two ovaries is about 3 cm long and is suspended by a mesentery (the mesovarium) that is a posterior extension of the broad ligament. Its medial end is attached to the uterus by the ligament of the ovary and its lateral end is related to the fimbriae of the uterine tube.
![Modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons](https://mrcemsuccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Ovaries.png)
Ovary (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
Blood supply
The arterial supply to the ovaries is from the ovarian arteries, direct branches from the anterolateral surfaces of the abdominal aorta.
Lymphatics
There are three main pathways for lymphatic flow from the ovaries: superiorly to the para-aortic lymph nodes adjacent to the ovarian artery, inferiorly to the medial group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes through the inguinal canal alongside the round ligament, and horizontally to the opposite ovary across the uterine fundus.
Innervation
Visceral afferent fibres usual follow the sympathetic fibres of the ovarian plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves to cell bodies in the T10 - T12 and L1 spinal sensory ganglia; pain is thus referred to the periumbilical region, suprapubic region and groin. Additionally ovarian pain can also be referred to the medial aspect of the thigh by route of the adjacent obturator nerve.
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- Biochemistry
- Blood Gases
- Haematology
| Biochemistry | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| Sodium | 135 – 145 mmol/l |
| Potassium | 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l |
| Urea | 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l |
| Glucose | 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l |
| Creatinine | 35 – 135 μmol/l |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | 5 – 35 U/l |
| Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | < 65 U/l |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 30 – 135 U/l |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | < 40 U/l |
| Total Protein | 60 – 80 g/l |
| Albumin | 35 – 50 g/l |
| Globulin | 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl |
| Amylase | < 70 U/l |
| Total Bilirubin | 3 – 17 μmol/l |
| Calcium | 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l |
| Chloride | 95 – 105 mmol/l |
| Phosphate | 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l |
| Haematology | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| Haemoglobin | 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl |
| White Blood Cells | 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l |
| Platelets | 150 – 450 x 109/l |
| MCV | 80 – 96 fl |
| MCHC | 32 – 36 g/dl |
| Neutrophils | 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l |
| Lymphocytes | 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l |
| Monocytes | 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l |
| Eosinophils | 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l |
| Basophils | < 0.2 x 109/l |
| Reticulocytes | < 2% |
| Haematocrit | 0.35 – 0.49 |
| Red Cell Distribution Width | 11 – 15% |
| Blood Gases | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.35 – 7.45 |
| pO2 | 11 – 14 kPa |
| pCO2 | 4.5 – 6.0 kPa |
| Base Excess | -2 – +2 mmol/l |
| Bicarbonate | 24 – 30 mmol/l |
| Lactate | < 2 mmol/l |
