Which of the following parts of the male urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm:
The urethra begins at the base of the bladder and ends with an external opening in the perineum.
In women the urethra is short (about 4 cm long). It passes inferiorly through the urogenital diaphragm into the perineum before opening in the vestibule that lies between the labia minora. The inferior aspect of the urethra is bound to the anterior surface of the vagina. The urethral opening is anterior to the vaginal opening in the vestibule.
Beginning at the base of the bladder and passing inferiorly through the prostate, the urethra passes through the deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane and immediately enters the root of and travels the length of the penis. The external urethral orifice is the sagittal slit at the end of the penis.
ANGLES:
The male urethra (spongy part) has two angles:
The infrapubic angle is a fixed angle, but the more distal prepubic angle can be diminished by holding the penis upwards during urinary catheterisation. This angle also disappears during erection.
Angles of the Male Urethra. (Image by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
PARTS:
In men the urethra is long (about 20 cm) and is divided into four parts; preprostatic, prostatic, membranous and spongy:
Parts of the Male Urethra. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
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Biochemistry | Normal Value |
---|---|
Sodium | 135 – 145 mmol/l |
Potassium | 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l |
Urea | 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l |
Glucose | 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l |
Creatinine | 35 – 135 μmol/l |
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | 5 – 35 U/l |
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | < 65 U/l |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 30 – 135 U/l |
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | < 40 U/l |
Total Protein | 60 – 80 g/l |
Albumin | 35 – 50 g/l |
Globulin | 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl |
Amylase | < 70 U/l |
Total Bilirubin | 3 – 17 μmol/l |
Calcium | 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l |
Chloride | 95 – 105 mmol/l |
Phosphate | 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l |
Haematology | Normal Value |
---|---|
Haemoglobin | 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl |
White Blood Cells | 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l |
Platelets | 150 – 450 x 109/l |
MCV | 80 – 96 fl |
MCHC | 32 – 36 g/dl |
Neutrophils | 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l |
Lymphocytes | 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l |
Monocytes | 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l |
Eosinophils | 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l |
Basophils | < 0.2 x 109/l |
Reticulocytes | < 2% |
Haematocrit | 0.35 – 0.49 |
Red Cell Distribution Width | 11 – 15% |
Blood Gases | Normal Value |
---|---|
pH | 7.35 – 7.45 |
pO2 | 11 – 14 kPa |
pCO2 | 4.5 – 6.0 kPa |
Base Excess | -2 – +2 mmol/l |
Bicarbonate | 24 – 30 mmol/l |
Lactate | < 2 mmol/l |