Anatomy
Abdomen
Regarding the relations of the uterus, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
Answer:
The uterus is related:- superiorly to the small intestine
- anteriorly to the bladder and the vesicouterine pouch
- posteriorly to the rectum and pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch)
- laterally to the broad ligament, uterine vessels and ovaries (to which it is attached by the ovarian ligament).
- inferiorly to the vagina
Uterus
Anatomy / Abdomen / Female Reproductive System
Last Updated: 11th April 2019
The uterus consists of a fundus (the rounded superior end above the level of origin of the uterine tubes), a body (the main part of the uterus) and a cervix (the inferior narrow part that projects into the vagina).
Uterus. (Image by NIH Medical Arts [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
Relations
The uterus is related:
- superiorly to the small intestine
- anteriorly to the bladder and the vesicouterine pouch
- posteriorly to the rectum and pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch)
- laterally to the broad ligament, uterine vessels and ovaries (to which it is attached by the ovarian ligament).
- inferiorly to the vagina
Female Reproductive System. (Image modified by FRCEM Success. Original by Blausen.com staff. “Blausen gallery 2014”. Wikiversity Journal of Medicine. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 20018762. (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)
Blood supply
The uterus is supplied primarily by the uterine artery (branch of the internal iliac artery) assisted by uterine branches of the ovarian artery (branch of the abdominal aorta), vessels contained within the broad ligament. The uterine artery anastomoses with the ovarian artery and so also contributes to the blood supply of the ovary.
Innervation
The uterus receives its sympathetic supply primarily from the inferior hypogastric plexus and its parasympathetic supply from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 - S4), with visceral afferent fibres usually following the sympathetic fibres to enter the spinal cord via T10 - T12 and L1 nerve fibres.
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- Biochemistry
- Blood Gases
- Haematology
| Biochemistry | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| Sodium | 135 – 145 mmol/l |
| Potassium | 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l |
| Urea | 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l |
| Glucose | 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l |
| Creatinine | 35 – 135 μmol/l |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | 5 – 35 U/l |
| Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | < 65 U/l |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 30 – 135 U/l |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | < 40 U/l |
| Total Protein | 60 – 80 g/l |
| Albumin | 35 – 50 g/l |
| Globulin | 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl |
| Amylase | < 70 U/l |
| Total Bilirubin | 3 – 17 μmol/l |
| Calcium | 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l |
| Chloride | 95 – 105 mmol/l |
| Phosphate | 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l |
| Haematology | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| Haemoglobin | 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl |
| White Blood Cells | 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l |
| Platelets | 150 – 450 x 109/l |
| MCV | 80 – 96 fl |
| MCHC | 32 – 36 g/dl |
| Neutrophils | 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l |
| Lymphocytes | 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l |
| Monocytes | 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l |
| Eosinophils | 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l |
| Basophils | < 0.2 x 109/l |
| Reticulocytes | < 2% |
| Haematocrit | 0.35 – 0.49 |
| Red Cell Distribution Width | 11 – 15% |
| Blood Gases | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.35 – 7.45 |
| pO2 | 11 – 14 kPa |
| pCO2 | 4.5 – 6.0 kPa |
| Base Excess | -2 – +2 mmol/l |
| Bicarbonate | 24 – 30 mmol/l |
| Lactate | < 2 mmol/l |
