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Questions Answered: 26
Final Score 46%
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Anatomy
Upper Limb
Question 17 of 180
A 24 year old man presents following a seizure. He has severe epilepsy and regularly dislocates his left shoulder. He has dislocated his shoulder as a result of today's seizure and appears to have axillary nerve damage. The axillary nerve arises from which of the following cords of the brachial plexus:
Answer:
The axillary nerve arises from the posterior cord containing fibres from nerve roots C5 and C6.Axillary Nerve
Anatomy / Upper Limb / Axilla / Innervation of Upper Limb
Last Updated: 28th January 2019
Table: Anatomical Overview of the Axillary Nerve
| Nerve | Axillary |
|---|---|
| Nerve roots | C5 and C6 |
| Plexus cords | Posterior cord |
| Motor Supply | Deltoid, teres minor |
| Sensory supply | Regimental badge area on lateral arm via superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm |
The axillary nerve arises from the posterior cord containing fibres from nerve roots C5 and C6.
The axillary nerve and associated blood vessels (the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein) enter the deltoid by passing posteriorly around the surgical neck of the humerus (where it is vulnerable to damage).
The axillary nerve innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles and the skin over the inferior portion of the deltoid, the 'regimental badge area' (via the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm).
Axillary Nerve. (Image by Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
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- Biochemistry
- Blood Gases
- Haematology
| Biochemistry | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| Sodium | 135 – 145 mmol/l |
| Potassium | 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l |
| Urea | 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l |
| Glucose | 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l |
| Creatinine | 35 – 135 μmol/l |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | 5 – 35 U/l |
| Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | < 65 U/l |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 30 – 135 U/l |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | < 40 U/l |
| Total Protein | 60 – 80 g/l |
| Albumin | 35 – 50 g/l |
| Globulin | 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl |
| Amylase | < 70 U/l |
| Total Bilirubin | 3 – 17 μmol/l |
| Calcium | 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l |
| Chloride | 95 – 105 mmol/l |
| Phosphate | 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l |
| Haematology | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| Haemoglobin | 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl |
| White Blood Cells | 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l |
| Platelets | 150 – 450 x 109/l |
| MCV | 80 – 96 fl |
| MCHC | 32 – 36 g/dl |
| Neutrophils | 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l |
| Lymphocytes | 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l |
| Monocytes | 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l |
| Eosinophils | 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l |
| Basophils | < 0.2 x 109/l |
| Reticulocytes | < 2% |
| Haematocrit | 0.35 – 0.49 |
| Red Cell Distribution Width | 11 – 15% |
| Blood Gases | Normal Value |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.35 – 7.45 |
| pO2 | 11 – 14 kPa |
| pCO2 | 4.5 – 6.0 kPa |
| Base Excess | -2 – +2 mmol/l |
| Bicarbonate | 24 – 30 mmol/l |
| Lactate | < 2 mmol/l |
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