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Time Completed: 02:32:05

Final Score 37%

67
113

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Anatomy

Head and Neck

Question 178 of 180

Regarding the neck, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

Answer:

The anterior triangle is bounded superiorly by the inferior margin of the mandible.

Neck Triangles

Anatomy / Head and Neck / Neck

Last Updated: 20th April 2020

The trapezius and sternocleidomastoid divide the neck into anterior and posterior triangles on each side.

Anterior Triangle

Each anterior triangle is bounded:

  • medially by the median vertical line of the neck
  • laterally by the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • superiorly by the inferior margin of the mandible

The contents of the anterior triangle include muscles, nerves, arteries, veins and lymph nodes:

  • Muscles
    • Suprahyoid muscles
    • Infrahyoid muscles
  • Nerves
    • Facial nerve
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve
    • Vagus nerve
    • Accessory nerve
    • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Arteries
    • Common carotid artery bifurcates into the external and internal carotid artery
  • Veins
    • Internal jugular vein
  • Lymph nodes

Posterior Triangle

Each posterior triangle is bounded:

  • anteriorly by the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid
  • posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius
  • basally by the middle one-third of the clavicle
  • apically by the occipital bone

By Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem) Modified by user:madhero88 (original image File:Musculi coli base.svg) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Anterior and Posterior Triangles of the Neck. (Image by Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem) Modified by user:madhero88 (original image File:Musculi coli base.svg) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l
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