← Back to Session

Time Completed: 02:32:05

Final Score 37%

67
113

Questions

  • Q1. ✓ Correct
  • Q2. ✓ Correct
  • Q3. X Incorrect
  • Q4. X Incorrect
  • Q5. X Incorrect
  • Q6. X Incorrect
  • Q7. ✓ Correct
  • Q8. ✓ Correct
  • Q9. ✓ Correct
  • Q10. ✓ Correct
  • Q11. X Incorrect
  • Q12. X Incorrect
  • Q13. X Incorrect
  • Q14. ✓ Correct
  • Q15. X Incorrect
  • Q16. X Incorrect
  • Q17. X Incorrect
  • Q18. X Incorrect
  • Q19. X Incorrect
  • Q20. X Incorrect
  • Q21. X Incorrect
  • Q22. X Incorrect
  • Q23. X Incorrect
  • Q24. ✓ Correct
  • Q25. X Incorrect
  • Q26. X Incorrect
  • Q27. ✓ Correct
  • Q28. ✓ Correct
  • Q29. ✓ Correct
  • Q30. X Incorrect
  • Q31. ✓ Correct
  • Q32. ✓ Correct
  • Q33. X Incorrect
  • Q34. X Incorrect
  • Q35. X Incorrect
  • Q36. X Incorrect
  • Q37. ✓ Correct
  • Q38. X Incorrect
  • Q39. ✓ Correct
  • Q40. X Incorrect
  • Q41. ✓ Correct
  • Q42. X Incorrect
  • Q43. ✓ Correct
  • Q44. X Incorrect
  • Q45. ✓ Correct
  • Q46. ✓ Correct
  • Q47. ✓ Correct
  • Q48. X Incorrect
  • Q49. X Incorrect
  • Q50. X Incorrect
  • Q51. X Incorrect
  • Q52. X Incorrect
  • Q53. ✓ Correct
  • Q54. ✓ Correct
  • Q55. X Incorrect
  • Q56. X Incorrect
  • Q57. ✓ Correct
  • Q58. X Incorrect
  • Q59. X Incorrect
  • Q60. X Incorrect
  • Q61. X Incorrect
  • Q62. X Incorrect
  • Q63. X Incorrect
  • Q64. ✓ Correct
  • Q65. ✓ Correct
  • Q66. ✓ Correct
  • Q67. ✓ Correct
  • Q68. ✓ Correct
  • Q69. X Incorrect
  • Q70. ✓ Correct
  • Q71. X Incorrect
  • Q72. ✓ Correct
  • Q73. X Incorrect
  • Q74. X Incorrect
  • Q75. X Incorrect
  • Q76. X Incorrect
  • Q77. X Incorrect
  • Q78. X Incorrect
  • Q79. X Incorrect
  • Q80. X Incorrect
  • Q81. X Incorrect
  • Q82. X Incorrect
  • Q83. X Incorrect
  • Q84. ✓ Correct
  • Q85. X Incorrect
  • Q86. ✓ Correct
  • Q87. X Incorrect
  • Q88. ✓ Correct
  • Q89. ✓ Correct
  • Q90. ✓ Correct
  • Q91. ✓ Correct
  • Q92. X Incorrect
  • Q93. ✓ Correct
  • Q94. X Incorrect
  • Q95. ✓ Correct
  • Q96. X Incorrect
  • Q97. ✓ Correct
  • Q98. X Incorrect
  • Q99. X Incorrect
  • Q100. ✓ Correct
  • Q101. ✓ Correct
  • Q102. X Incorrect
  • Q103. X Incorrect
  • Q104. ✓ Correct
  • Q105. ✓ Correct
  • Q106. X Incorrect
  • Q107. X Incorrect
  • Q108. ✓ Correct
  • Q109. X Incorrect
  • Q110. X Incorrect
  • Q111. X Incorrect
  • Q112. X Incorrect
  • Q113. X Incorrect
  • Q114. ✓ Correct
  • Q115. ✓ Correct
  • Q116. ✓ Correct
  • Q117. X Incorrect
  • Q118. X Incorrect
  • Q119. X Incorrect
  • Q120. ✓ Correct
  • Q121. ✓ Correct
  • Q122. X Incorrect
  • Q123. ✓ Correct
  • Q124. X Incorrect
  • Q125. X Incorrect
  • Q126. X Incorrect
  • Q127. ✓ Correct
  • Q128. ✓ Correct
  • Q129. X Incorrect
  • Q130. X Incorrect
  • Q131. X Incorrect
  • Q132. X Incorrect
  • Q133. X Incorrect
  • Q134. X Incorrect
  • Q135. X Incorrect
  • Q136. X Incorrect
  • Q137. X Incorrect
  • Q138. X Incorrect
  • Q139. X Incorrect
  • Q140. X Incorrect
  • Q141. ✓ Correct
  • Q142. ✓ Correct
  • Q143. ✓ Correct
  • Q144. ✓ Correct
  • Q145. ✓ Correct
  • Q146. X Incorrect
  • Q147. X Incorrect
  • Q148. ✓ Correct
  • Q149. X Incorrect
  • Q150. X Incorrect
  • Q151. ✓ Correct
  • Q152. X Incorrect
  • Q153. X Incorrect
  • Q154. X Incorrect
  • Q155. X Incorrect
  • Q156. X Incorrect
  • Q157. ✓ Correct
  • Q158. X Incorrect
  • Q159. X Incorrect
  • Q160. ✓ Correct
  • Q161. ✓ Correct
  • Q162. ✓ Correct
  • Q163. X Incorrect
  • Q164. X Incorrect
  • Q165. X Incorrect
  • Q166. X Incorrect
  • Q167. ✓ Correct
  • Q168. ✓ Correct
  • Q169. X Incorrect
  • Q170. X Incorrect
  • Q171. X Incorrect
  • Q172. X Incorrect
  • Q173. X Incorrect
  • Q174. X Incorrect
  • Q175. X Incorrect
  • Q176. X Incorrect
  • Q177. X Incorrect
  • Q178. X Incorrect
  • Q179. ✓ Correct
  • Q180. ✓ Correct

Microbiology

Principles

Question 135 of 180

Which of the following is NOT typically present in intestinal flora:

Answer:

Neisseria spp. are most typically found in the normal flora of the nasopharynx. Species commonly found in the flora of the bowel include: Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium bifidum, Clostridium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Candida spp.

Normal Bacterial Flora

Microbiology / Principles / Natural and Innate Immunity

Last Updated: 16th March 2019

The normal flora provides protection against infection by competing with pathogens for colonisation sites and resources and by producing antibacterial substances (bacteriocins) that suppress other bacteria. The natural flora varies depending on the location in the body.

Body Site Normal Flora
Nasopharynx Streptococci, Staphylococci, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Corynebacteria, Moraxella, Mixed anaerobes, Candida, Actinomyces
Skin Staphylococci, Streptococci, Corynebacteria, Propionibacteria, Yeasts
Bowel Staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, Candida, Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, Clostridium, Peptostreptococci, Lactobacilli
Vagina Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Corynebacteria, Candida, Actinomyces, Mycoplasma hominis

Antibiotics suppress normal flora which allows for colonisation and infection by opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans or Clostridium difficile.

Report A Problem

Is there something wrong with this question? Let us know and we’ll fix it as soon as possible.

Loading Form...

Close
  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l
©2017 - 2025 MRCEM Success