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Physiology

Gastrointestinal

Question 109 of 180

Gastric G-cells secrete which of the following:

Answer:

The antral G-cells secrete gastrin.

Function of Stomach

Physiology / Gastrointestinal / Stomach

Last Updated: 26th July 2024

The stomach receives food and fluid from the oesophagus, mixes it with digestive juices to form chyme and releases its contents into the duodenum. The stomach acts as a reservoir for food as it is very distensible; when empty it has a volume of about 50 mL but it has capacity of up to 3 - 4 L.

There are two sphincters at each of the gastric orifices, the lower oesophageal sphincter protects the oesophagus from reflux of the gastric contents and the pyloric sphincter controls the flow of gastric contents into the duodenum.

Functions

The main functions of the stomach are to:

  • Store food temporarily (as it can be ingested more rapidly than it can be digested)
  • Chemically and mechanically digest food using acids, enzymes and churning movements
  • Regulate the release of the resulting chyme into the small intestine
  • Secrete intrinsic factor which is essential for absorption of vitamin B12

Gastric Cell Types

Cell Type Function
Parietal cell Secretes HCl and intrinsic factor
Chief cell Secretes pepsinogen
G cell Secretes gastrin
Enterochromaffin-like cell Secretes histamine
Surface mucous cell Secretes mucus

 

Gastric Cells. (Image by OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)

Gastric Cells. (Image by OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)

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  • Biochemistry
  • Blood Gases
  • Haematology
Biochemistry Normal Value
Sodium 135 – 145 mmol/l
Potassium 3.0 – 4.5 mmol/l
Urea 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l
Glucose 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/l
Creatinine 35 – 135 μmol/l
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5 – 35 U/l
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) < 65 U/l
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 30 – 135 U/l
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) < 40 U/l
Total Protein 60 – 80 g/l
Albumin 35 – 50 g/l
Globulin 2.4 – 3.5 g/dl
Amylase < 70 U/l
Total Bilirubin 3 – 17 μmol/l
Calcium 2.1 – 2.5 mmol/l
Chloride 95 – 105 mmol/l
Phosphate 0.8 – 1.4 mmol/l
Haematology Normal Value
Haemoglobin 11.5 – 16.6 g/dl
White Blood Cells 4.0 – 11.0 x 109/l
Platelets 150 – 450 x 109/l
MCV 80 – 96 fl
MCHC 32 – 36 g/dl
Neutrophils 2.0 – 7.5 x 109/l
Lymphocytes 1.5 – 4.0 x 109/l
Monocytes 0.3 – 1.0 x 109/l
Eosinophils 0.1 – 0.5 x 109/l
Basophils < 0.2 x 109/l
Reticulocytes < 2%
Haematocrit 0.35 – 0.49
Red Cell Distribution Width 11 – 15%
Blood Gases Normal Value
pH 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 11 – 14 kPa
pCO2 4.5 – 6.0 kPa
Base Excess -2 – +2 mmol/l
Bicarbonate 24 – 30 mmol/l
Lactate < 2 mmol/l

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