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Date Completed: 05/05/2023
Page 1 of 18
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Pharmacological Management of DKA
Regarding the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), insulin infusion may be stopped after which of the following:
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Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Which of the following is typically used as the cut off for diagnosing diabetes mellitus:
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Function of the Pituitary Gland
Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland:
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Face
The area of skin over the prominence of the cheekbone is primarily supplied by which of the following nerves:
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Function of the Adrenal Medulla
Regarding the adrenal medulla, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Functional Anatomy of the Nephron
The renal corpuscle, consisting of the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus is found where in the kidney:
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Increased vs Normal Anion Gap
Which of the following is typically a cause of a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis:
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Interpretation of Box and Whisker Plots
Regarding the following box and whisker plot, what percentage of data values lie between 6 and 16.
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Calculation of Cardiac Output
The cardiac output in a healthy adult male at rest is usually about:
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Characteristics of the Skeletal Muscle Circulation
Regarding the skeletal muscle circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Cortical Areas of the Parietal Lobe
The primary somatosensory cortex is located in which of the following regions:
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Location of Wernicke's Area
The Wernicke's speech area is located in which of the following regions:
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Pathogenesis of Tetanus
Regarding Clostridium tetani, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Clinical Features of Bronchiolitis
A 9 month old baby is brought into the ED with a one day history of wheezing and dyspnoea. She is having difficulty feeding due to her breat
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to review a patient in the Minor Injuries Unit. The 32 year old sustained a laceration to the forearm during a fight. He
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Clinical Effects of Facial Nerve Lesion
A 21 year old female presents to ED with isolated facial nerve palsy. You diagnose Bell's palsy. Which of the following clinical features mi
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Management of Community Aquired Pneumonia
A 55 year old man, usually fit and well, presents to ED complaining of a cough productive of green sputum, fever and feeling tight-chested
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Clinical Effects of Frontal Lobe Lesion
Which of the following clinical features would you LEAST expect to see in a lesion of the frontal lobe:
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Clinical Effects of Frontal Lobe Lesion
A 55 year old woman presents to ED complaining of headaches. On examination the patient is found to have weakness of the left side of her bo
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Distribution of Myotomes
A 68 year old lady was involved in a road traffic accident and describes a whiplash type injury. She has pain and tenderness in the cervical
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Pathway of the Gag Reflex
Which of the following nerves is the efferent pathway of the gag reflex:
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Anatomical Relations of the Colon
Which of the following structures is NOT a posterior relation of the transverse colon:
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Anatomical Relations of the Common Bile Duct
A 65 year old man presents to ED complaining of abdominal pain, jaundice and weight loss. Imaging shows a tumour of the head of the pancreas
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Function of the Membrane Proteins
Regarding cell signalling, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Clinical Effects of Hyperkalaemia
Which of the following is an ECG change typically associated with hyperkalaemia:
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Anatomy of the Vertebral Canal
A 19 year old student presents to ED with a headache, fever and photophobia. You suspect meningitis and agree to observe your junior perform
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Calculation of Specificity
The results from the study investigating the accuracy of a new diagnostic test can be displayed in the following format. How is the specif
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Clinical Features of Primary Hypothyroidism
Which of the following biochemical patterns would be typical of primary hypothyroidism:
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Types of Data
An FY2 in ED is collecting retrospective data for an audit on headache. He records the number of patients with headaches seen per day and fo
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Function of the Superficial Fibular Nerve
The superficial fibular nerve supplies which of the following areas of skin:
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Innervation of the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
The quadratus lumborum muscle is innervated by which of the following:
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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood
Regarding carbon dioxide transport in the blood, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Regulation of Catecholamines
The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines, stimulated by which of the following:
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 65 year old woman presents to the ED complaining of paresthesia in the left arm. On examination you note she has no sensation over the lat
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Layers of the Neck Fascia
Regarding the neck fascia, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Hypersensitivity Reactions
You are reviewing a patient with an exacerbation of their rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of type III hypersensitiv
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Regulation of Prolactin
Dopamine released from the hypothalamus acts to cause which of the following:
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Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle
You are discussing clinically relevant lower limb anatomy with a group of medical students. The femoral triangle is an important, clinically
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Complications of Rubella
A pregnant patient presents to ED with a new onset rash which started on her face and spread to her body. She has recently been in contact w
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Function of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle
The medial pterygoid primarily acts to produce which of the following movements:
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Site of Meckel's Diverticulum
Which of the following describes the site of a Meckel's diverticulum:
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Mechanism of Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch
Regarding V/Q mismatch, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Pharmacological Management of Hypokalaemia
Regarding potassium replacement, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Surface Anatomy of the Duodenum
The fourth part of the duodenum terminates at which of the following vertebral levels:
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Clinical Effects of Mandibular Nerve Lesion
A 56 year old female presents to ED complaining of loss of sensation over the anterior two-thirds of her tongue. Taste and salivation are in
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Management of Tachyarrhythmias
What is the recommended dosing regime for amiodarone in the treatment of a stable regular broad-complex tachycardia:
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Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate
In the glomerulus, if the diameter of the afferent arteriole is reduced relative to the diameter of the efferent arteriole:
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Causative Agents of Neonatal Meningitis
A one week old infant is brought to ED unwell. She is pyrexic, floppy and unresponsive with a bulging fontanelle. Empirical antibiotics are
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Characteristics of Neisseria Meningitidis
Regarding Neisseria meningitidis, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Surface Anatomy of the Heart Valves
Which of the following best describes the surface marking of the tricuspid valve:
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Ciprofloxacin: Pharmacology
Regarding ciprofloxacin, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
A 43 year old tree surgeon is brought to the ED after falling approximately 10 metres from a tree. During assessment of the C-spine he comp
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Sickle Cell Disease
The sickle cell trait has a protective advantage against which of the following infections:
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Clinical Features of Threadworm Infection
Regarding threadworms, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Pathogenesis of Tetanus
A mother brings her child to ED with a dirty wound sustained at a playground. The patient is due a tetanus booster and you decide to give i
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Blood Groups
Regarding red blood cell group antigens and antibodies, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Clinical Effects of Hypoglossal Nerve Lesion
A 28 year old man presents to ED complaining of severe headaches and dizziness. Imaging shows a tumour compressing the hypoglossal canal. Wh
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Flumazenil: Indications
Flumazenil is a reversal agent for which of the following groups of drugs:
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Vasoconstrictor Sympathomimetics: Mechanism of Action
What is the main mechanism of action of vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics:
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Contents of the Popliteal Fossa
A 67 year old man presents to the ED complaining of pain and swelling to the posterior knee. On examination you note a tender swelling in th
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Control of Exocrine Pancreas Secretion
Pancreatic exocrine secretion is increased by which of the following:
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Local Anaesthetics: Toxicity
Regarding local anaesthetic toxicity, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Attachments of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 29 year old woman is brought to the ED after concerns were raised for her welfare by a neighbour. She has a deep laceration to the anterio
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Renal Handling of Potassium
Approximately what percentage of filtered potassium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule:
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Mechanism of Vitamin B12 Absorption
Regarding vitamin B12 absorption, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses
Regarding the paranasal sinuses, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Function of the Gracilis Muscle
A 54 year old woman is brought into the ED following a multiple vehicle collision on the nearby motorway. She is haemodynamically stable and
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Pharmacological Management of Gout
Regarding the management of gout, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Complications of Gonorrhoea
A patient presents to ED with a fever and a red, hot swollen painful left knee that is painful to move. On further questioning, you discover
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Innervation of the Pancreas
A patient presents to ED with acute pancreatitis. Pain from the pancreas is typically referred to the dermatomes supplied by which of the fo
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Origin of the Obturator Nerve
A 43 year old window cleaner is brought to the ED after falling from a 5 metre platform. Imaging has shown multiple vertebral fractures and
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Measurement of Renal Clearance
Glomerular filtration rate can be calculated using any substance that:
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Pharmacological Management of Gout
A 34 year old overweight man, who has a history of gout, presents to ED with an acutely exquisitely tender big toe. His big toe is red, hot
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Movements of the Hip Joint
A 42 year old man presents to ED following a hip injury. On examination you note weak lateral rotation. Which of the following muscles is mo
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Classification of Acute Asthma
Which of the following clinical features would characterise an asthma attack in an adult as severe:
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Generation of an Action Potential
Regarding the refractory period, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Definition of Lung Volumes and Capacities
Which of the following best describes the tidal volume (TV):
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Key Anatomical Landmarks in Tracheotomy
The anaesthetist is attempting to intubate an unconscious patient who is unable to maintain their airway. The anaesthetist finds himself in
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Typical vs Atypical Ribs
Which of the following atypical ribs articulates with both its corresponding vertebra and the vertebra above:
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Anatomical Relations of the Stomach
The stomach lies anterior to all of the following structures EXCEPT for the:
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Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
A 43 year old woman has presented to the ED in distress. She tells you she has found a new lump in her left breast. She is new to the area a
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Anatomy of the Olfactory Nerve
Regarding the olfactory nerve, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Regulation of Aldosterone
Which of the following hormones is released in direct response to high plasma [K+]:
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Anatomical Location of the Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland sits within a small depression in which of the following skull bones:
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Attachments of the Subscapularis Muscle
A 34 year old office worker presents to the Emergency Department complaining of pain in the left shoulder. You perform a full shoulder exami
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Infectious Diseases caused by Herpesviruses
Which of the following infectious diseases is NOT caused by a herpesvirus:
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Clinical Effects of Obturator Nerve Injury
A 63 year old woman with advanced ovarian malignancy presents to ED complaining of weakness of her left leg while walking. Examination revea
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Vancomycin: Indications
All of the following antibiotics are commonly implicated in causing C. difficile colitis EXCEPT for:
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 32 year old woman sustains an injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow after sustaining a fracture of the medial epicondyle. Which of the fo
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 21 year old female presents to ED following an attempted suicide attempt. She has a deep laceration to her anterior forearm. Further explo
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Location of the Brainstem Nuclei
Which of the following brainstem nuclei is NOT located in the pons:
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Doxycycline: Side Effects
A 19 year old patient presents to ED with pelvic cramps and spotting. A pregnancy test is positive. You note that she is taking doxycycline
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Management of Tuberculosis
A patient on treatment for tuberculosis infection presents to ED. The patient was started on the standard treatment regimen for fully suscep
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Ascending Tracts of the Spinal Cord
Which of the following spinal tracts conveys nociceptive input from the contralateral side of the body:
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Function of the Hamstring Muscles
A 32 year old man presents to the ED after sustaining multiple stab wounds to the right thigh during an altercation in a pub. Imaging has sh
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Local Anaesthetics: Comparison of Drugs
Which of the following local anaesthetics is typically used for a Bier's block:
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Structure of the Ductus Deferens
The ductus deferens originates from which of the following structures:
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Production of Glucagon
Alpha cells of the endocrine pancreas produce which of the following hormones:
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Infectious Disease caused by Clostridium Botulinum
A patient presents with a progressive symmetric descending flaccid paralysis following a 2 day history of diarrhoea and vomiting. He initial
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Components of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle
A 27 year old woman has sustained an injury to her quadriceps femoris muscle group after falling through a glass door. Which of the followin
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Phases of Gastric Secretion
Regarding the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Structure of the Peripheral Vascular System
Regarding blood vessels, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Disadvantages of Cohort Studies
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a cohort study used to investigate the relationship between exposure to a risk factor and a
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Acute Inflammation
A 21 year old patient presents with a red hot arm which developed following an insect bit. You diagnose acute cellulitis. Which of the follo
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Microbial Mechanisms of Immune Evasion
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis all colonise the upper respiratory tract and can spread from the
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Anatomical Relations of the Thyroid Gland
A 34 year old woman presents to ED complaining of a hoarse voice. She underwent a thyroidectomy 2 weeks ago. Which of the following nerves w
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Anatomical Course of the Femoral Nerve
A 34 year old man presents to the ED after sustaining multiple deep stab wounds during an altercation in a pub. Imaging has shown an injury
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Innervation of the Pleura
A 64 year old man presents to ED complaining of right sided chest pain that is worse on coughing. Which of the following nerves is most like
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Function of the Gut Flora
Regarding the intestinal bacterial flora, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In the ventricular myocyte action potential, depolarisation occurs through the opening of:
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Definition of Lung Volumes and Capacities
Which of the following describes the volume change of the lung between a maximum inspiration and a maximum expiration:
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Management of Tetanus-Prone Wounds
You are leading a teaching session on tetanus prophylaxis. Regarding management of a tetanus-prone wound which of the following statements i
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Function of Parathyroid Hormone
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect renal handling of phosphate:
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Calculation of Sensitivity
A new test is being developed to diagnose chlamydia. 1000 people aged 15 – 35 years attending a GUM clinic undergo the new test and the cu
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Functional Anatomy of the Small Intestine
Which of the following does NOT play a role in increasing the surface area of the absorptive surface in the small intestine:
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Control of Gastric Acid Secretion
Secretion of hydrochloric acid from parietal cells is stimulated by which of the following:
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Amoxicillin: Indications
Amoxicillin is used first line for all of the following infections EXCEPT for:
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Anatomy of the Hard Palate
Regarding the hard palate, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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ALS Treatment Algorithm
In adult basic life support, chest compressions should be performed at which of the following rates:
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Coagulation Cascade
Regarding the coagulation cascade, the tenase complex in the extrinsic pathway is the:
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Anatomical Barriers to Infection
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical barrier to infection:
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Pharmacological Management of Acute Asthma
Regarding the management of acute asthma in adults, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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ECG Deflections during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following represents ventricular depolarisation on the ECG:
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Pharmacological Management of Thiamine Deficiency
A 64 year old man, with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, presents to ED in alcohol withdrawal as he ran out of beer money. He is unkempt
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Function of the Gastrocnemius Muscle
The gastrocnemius muscle acts to produce which of the following movements:
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Antihistamines: Indications
Which of the following is NOT an indication for a H1 receptor antihistamine:
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Microbial Mechanisms of Immune Evasion
Which of the following microbes has a polysaccharide capsule:
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Relative Fluid Distribution in Fluid Spaces
Regarding fluid balance, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has the primary function of which of the following:
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Function of the Obturator Externus Muscle
A 19 year old man self presents to the ED following a fight in a nearby street. He has sustained multiple stab wounds and lacerations to the
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Immune Response
Regarding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Complement Cascade
C5 - C9 deficiency leads to particular susceptibility of infection with which of the following:
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Definition of Lung Volumes and Capacities
Total lung capacity (TLC) is calculated using which of the following:
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Function of the Tibialis Posterior Muscle
The tibialis posterior muscle acts to produce which of the following movements:
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Generation of an Action Potential
The rising phase of the action potential of a nerve occurs due to which of the following:
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Movements of the Eyeball
Depression of the eyeball is primarily produced by which of the following muscles:
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Microstructure of the Cardiac Myocyte
Which of the following structures prevents a direct electrical pathway from the atria to the ventricles:
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Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
The flat anterior abdominal wall muscles are comprised of which of the following muscles:
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Movements of the Thoracic Wall
The 'bucket handle' movement of the thoracic wall describes which of the following movements:
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Beta-2 Agonists: Mechanism of Action
Selective beta-2 agonists predominantly have which of the following clinical effects:
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Control of Gastric Acid Secretion
Regarding gastric acid secretion, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Anaemia of Chronic Disease
A patient is found to be anaemic. Which one of the following blood results would favour a diagnosis of anaemia of chronic disease rather tha
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Antacid Drugs: Interactions
A patient presents to ED with heartburn for which they already take regular antacids. Which of the following drugs can be affected if taken
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ECG Deflections during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following represents atrial depolarisation on the ECG:
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Local Control of Blood Flow
The following are important mediators of metabolic hyperaemia in blood vessels, EXCEPT for:
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Function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Regarding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Innervation of the External Nose
Regarding the external nose, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Function of the Adrenal Gland
Regarding the adrenal glands, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Risk Factors for Klebsiella Infection
Which patient group are most commonly associated with infection with Klebsiella spp:
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Calculation of Total Blood Volume
What is the normal total volume of blood in the circulatory system of a healthy adult male:
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