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Date Completed: 10/05/2024
Page 1 of 18
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Cortical Areas of the Frontal Lobe
The primary motor cortex is located in which of the following regions:
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Statins: Side Effects
Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for rhabdomyolysis in a patient being considered for statin therapy:
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Auscultation Position of the Heart Valves
You are performing a full cardiovascular examination on a patient presenting to ED with palpitations. The mitral valve is best auscultated a
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Anatomical Relations of the Duodenum
A 65 year old man presents to ED complaining of abdominal pain and weight loss. Imaging shows a tumour anterior to the inferior vena cava. W
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Function of the Common Fibular Nerve
The common fibular nerve directly supplies which of the following areas of skin:
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Characteristics of Statistical Power
Regarding the power of a study, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells
Regarding the human cell, which of the following cell organelles serves as a store for intracellular Ca2+:
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Attachments of the Temporalis Muscle
The temporalis muscle originates from which of the following structures:
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Increased vs Normal Anion Gap
Which of the following is typically a cause of a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis:
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Regulation of Prolactin
Dopamine released from the hypothalamus acts to cause which of the following:
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Heparin: Side Effects
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect associated with heparin therapy:
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Ligaments of the Ankle Joint
A 19 year old professional athlete presents to ED having injured his right foot during training. There is bruising and swelling over the med
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Boundaries of the Inguinal Canal
The roof of the inguinal canal is formed primarily by which of the following structures:
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Definition of Lung Volumes and Capacities
Which of the following best describes the vital capacity (VC):
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Regarding the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Causative Agent of Rheumatic Fever
A 71 year old patient presents to ED with shortness of breath on exertion and malaise. His notes state he has a history of rheumatic fever.�
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Phases of Gastric Secretion
Regarding the gastric phase of gastric secretion, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord
Which of the following spinal tracts is involved with the control of trunk muscles:
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Anatomical Course of the Ulnar Artery
A 23 year old man presents to the ED after cutting his forearm. On examination there is a deep laceration with an arterial spurt. You suspec
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Innervation of the Masseter Muscle
The masseter muscle is innervated by which of the following nerves:
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Clinical Effects of Deep Fibular Nerve Injury
A 28 year old man presents to hospital having injured his leg playing football. X-ray demonstrates fractures of both the tibia and fibula. T
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Definition of Henry's Law
Which of the following describes the relationship between the partial pressure of a gas and the amount of that gas that will dissolve in a l
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Disease Specific Immunoglobulin: Indications
Disease specific immunoglobulin is available for all of the following infectious diseases EXCEPT for:
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Renal Handling of Phosphate
Regarding renal phosphate handling, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Regulation of Iron Metabolism
Regarding iron metabolism, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Function of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
The lateral pterygoid acts to primarily produce which of the following movements:
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Management of Malaria
A 24 year old woman presents to ED with persistent fever, rigors and myalgia since returning from a safari in Kenya. She has also recently f
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Mechanism of Protein Digestion
Which of the following is transported in intestinal epithelial cells by a Na+-dependent cotransport process:
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Erythromycin: Drug Interactions
Regarding drug interactions with erythromycin, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Pharmacological Management of DKA
Regarding the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), if the systolic BP is initially < 90 mmHg, which of the following should be give
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Clinical Features of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
A 29 year old man presents to ED feeling unwell with a one week history of malaise, myalgia, headache and fever with a dry cough. Over the l
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Lymphocytosis
A 19 year old presents to ED complaining of a sore throat with persistent low grade fever and malaise. His girlfriend has recently been diag
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Transmission of Neisseria Meningitidis
A patient has been diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis and given appropriate treatment. His family is concerned about risk to his younge
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Clinical Features of Chickenpox
Regarding chickenpox, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Anatomical Relations of the Spleen
A 19 year old male is brought to ED having sustained a handlebar injury with blunt trauma to his upper abdomen whilst riding his scooter. Wh
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Penicillins: Mechanism of Action
Which of the following penicillins is resistant to bacterial beta-lactamases:
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Function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Regarding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Proton Pump Inhibitors: Pharmacology
Regarding proton pump inhibitors, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Contents of the Rectus Sheath
A patient presents with a superficial stab wound to the rectus sheath. Which of the following muscles is contained within the rectus sheath:
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Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Regarding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Intracellular [Ca2+] rise in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is mainly as a result of:
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Clinical Features of Croup
A 3 year old child is brought into ED with fever, a barking cough and difficulty breathing. On examination you note inspiratory stridor, tac
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Blood Supply of the Stomach
The stomach receives its blood supply primarily from which of the following arteries:
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Function of the Pituitary Gland
You are reviewing a patient with known hypopituitarism. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland:
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Stages of Cellular Respiration
Regarding the Krebs cycle, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Surface Anatomy of the Spleen
Posteriorly the spleen lies in the region of which of the following:
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Openings of the Eustachian Tube
An 8 year old girl is brought to ED with a fever and a painful ear, which developed a few days after a sore throat. On examination you note
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Heparin: Drug Comparisons
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared to unfractionated heparin:
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Structure of the Common Bile Duct
The common bile duct is formed from which of the following structures:
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Innervation of the Parotid Gland
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres are carried to the parotid gland by which of the following nerves:
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Innervation of the Anterior Scalene Muscle
The anterior scalene muscle is innervated by which of the following:
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Dorsal Compartments of the Wrist
A 28 year old man presents to ED with a stab wound to lateral dorsal wrist. Imaging shows damage to the first dorsal compartment of the wris
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
All of the following cause a leftward shift along the Starling curve EXCEPT for:
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Calculation of Sensitivity
A new blood test is being developed to diagnose DVT. 1000 people presenting to ED with suspected DVT undergo the new blood test and the gol
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Function of the Brachioradialis Muscle
You are examining the arm of a 34 year old man who has injured his radial nerve. You test the muscles supplied by the radial nerve. The brac
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Investigation of Hepatitis B Infection
Which of the following serology results is consistent with chronic hepatitis B infection:
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Natural Killers Cells
Natural killers cells are predominantly part of which component of the immune system:
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Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity
Regarding the nasal cavities, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Anatomical Relations of the Kidney
The kidneys are related posteriorly to all of the following structures EXCEPT for the:
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Water Absorption in the Small Intestine
Where in the gastrointestinal tract is the most water absorbed:
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Routine Immunisation Schedule
Regarding the UK routine immunisation schedule, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Auscultation Position of the Heart Valves
The tricuspid valve is best auscultated at which of the following sites:
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Innervation of the Anterior Arm Muscles
A 54 year old man presents to the ED after falling onto his right arm. On examination he is unable to flex at the elbow and you suspect weak
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Face
A 45 year old man presents to ED with Hutchinson's sign; a vesicular rash on the tip of the nose. You are concerned about the possibility of
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Nerves of the Lumbar Plexus
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is formed from the anterior rami of:
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Characteristics of Case-Control Studies
Regarding a case-control study, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Anatomical Course of the Femoral Nerve
A 34 year old man presents to the ED after sustaining multiple deep stab wounds during an altercation in a pub. Imaging has shown an injury
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Anatomical Relations of the Oesophagus
The following structures all lie anteriorly to the oesophagus EXCEPT for the:
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Regulation of Catecholamines
The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines, stimulated by which of the following:
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Renal Handling of Potassium
How is filtered K+ mainly reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle:
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Function of Alveolar Pneumocytes
You reviewed a child with cystic fibrosis earlier and are reading up further on the condition. Patients with cystic fibrosis have an impaire
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Clinical Features of Encephalitis
A 19 year old patient is brought to ED with acute onset confusion, headache, and fever worsening over the past few days. You note a crusted
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Complications of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis
A patient presents to ED with a profuse bloody diarrhoea. Stool culture confirms infection with Campylobacter jejuni. Which of the following
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Lobes of the Prostate
A 66 year old man presents to ED complaining of difficulty passing urine and nocturia. On examination you note the prostate is enlarged and
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Anatomical Course of the Popliteal Artery
A 67 year old man presents to the ED complaining of swelling to the posterior knee. On examination you note a pulsatile mass in popliteal f
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Production of Intrinsic Factor
Which of the following is the site of secretion of intrinsic factor:
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Ciprofloxacin: Pharmacology
Regarding ciprofloxacin, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Renal Handling of Sodium
Which of the following hormones' primary action is to enhance Na+ reabsorption in the distal nephron:
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Clinical Features of Graves' Disease
Which of the following clinical features is NOT typical of Graves' disease:
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Blood Supply of the Temporal Lobe
Which of the following best describes the blood supply to the temporal lobe:
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Interpretation of Skewed Distribution
Regarding the following data distribution, which of the following statements is CORRECT: [caption id="attachment_1107" align="alignnone"
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Mechanism of Protein Digestion
Regarding protein digestion, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Anatomy of the Temporomandibular Joint
Regarding the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow
Which of the following does NOT act to cause vasoconstriction of the glomerular capillaries:
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to give a tutorial to a group of medical students about upper limb neurology. You decide to cover the sensory supply to
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Compartments of the Peritoneal Cavity
A 26 year old woman is brought to ED following a road traffic accident. Focussed assessment for sonography in trauma (FAST) on the supine pa
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Nerves of the Lumbar Plexus
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervates which of the following:
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Calculation of Absolute Risk Reduction
A randomised controlled trial (RCT) is performed where 1000 men are treated with a lipid-lowering drug, Superstatin, and 1000 given a placeb
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
In cardiac myocyte excitation-contraction coupling, Ca2+ is released from which of the following organelles:
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Surface Anatomy of the Lung
In quiet respiration, the position of the left oblique fissure can be marked by a line on the thoracic wall that:
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Pharmacological Management of Acute Asthma
Regarding the management of acute asthma in adults, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Normal Partial Pressure of Nitrogen
If the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen in dry inhaled air:
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Products of Cellular Respiration
How many molecules of ATP are formed during normal aerobic cellular respiration:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
Arterial baroreceptors are located primarily in which of the following:
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Management of Pheochromocytoma
Which of the following drug classes is used first line in the management of hypertensive episodes in pheochromocytoma:
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Clinical Effects of Femoral Nerve Injury
A 28 year old man was involved in a road traffic accident, and subsequently complained of weakness in extending his leg at the knee joint. F
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Action Potential of the Sinoatrial Node
Regarding the sinoatrial node (SAN), which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Regulation of Iron Metabolism
Regarding iron metabolism, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Anatomical Course of the Brachial Artery
A 32 year old construction worker presents to ED after an accident on the job. The tendon of the biceps brachii at the elbow has been sever
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Origin of the Radial Nerve
A 64 year old woman presents to the ED following a motorcycle accident. Your consultant has diagnosed a brachial plexus injury with features
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 32 year old electrician presents to the ED after sustaining a laceration to the forearm. On examination of the hand you note loss of sensa
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Clinical Effects of Extensor Tendon Injury
A 26 year old woman presents to ED having sustained a deep laceration to the dorsum of her ring finger whilst cooking. Her proximal interpha
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Function of the Temporalis Muscle
The temporalis muscle acts to produce which of the following movements:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In the ventricular myocyte action potential, repolarisation occurs through the:
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Pathway of the Corneal Blink Reflex
A 64 year old lady complains of a sore right eye. On examination, you note a normal corneal blink reflex on her left side but no consensual
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Pharmacological Management of Anaphylaxis
A 31 year old patient with a known nut allergy was eating at a Thai restaurant when he suddenly complained of lip and tongue swelling and di
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Clinical Effects of Hypokalaemia
Which of the following is NOT an ECG change typically associated with hypokalaemia:
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Origin of the Common Fibular Nerve
The common fibular nerve receives nerve fibres from which of the following nerve roots:
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Organisation of Skeletal Muscle
Regarding skeletal muscle, which of the following best describes a fascicle:
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Pharmacological Management of Hypoglycaemia
You are called to attend to a patient with a blood glucose of 3.5 mmol/L. He is conscious and alert. What is the most appropriate initial tr
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Location of the Occipital Lobe
Which of the following best describes the position of the occipital lobe:
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Function of Spleen
A 21 year old patient is brought into ED with severe diarrhoea. She has previously undergone splenectomy following trauma. Which of the foll
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
In the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT for:
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Components of Normal Bacterial Flora
Which of the following is NOT typically present in the skin flora:
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Clinical Features of Bronchiolitis
A 9 month old baby is brought into the ED with a one day history of wheezing and dyspnoea. She is having difficulty feeding due to her breat
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Pathogenesis of Tetanus
Regarding Clostridium tetani, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Trimethoprim: Pharmacology
Regarding trimethoprim, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Control of Gastric Acid Secretion
Secretion of hydrochloric acid from parietal cells is stimulated by which of the following:
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Production and Function of Antidiuretic Hormone
Regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Definition of Lung Volumes and Capacities
You are reviewing a patient who has presented with breathlessness. She tells you she has recently undergone lung function tests. Which of th
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Characteristics of Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Regarding Staphylococcus epidermidis, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Articulations of the Knee Joint
Which of the following synovial joint types best describes the knee joint:
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Mechanism of Vitamin B12 Absorption
A 28 year old patient with known inflammatory bowel disease presents to ED with surgical complications following his recent ileocaecal resec
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Innervation of the Lung
A 19 year old known asthmatic presents to ED with acute severe asthma. Which of the following nerves is responsible for constriction of the
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Site of Emergency Cricothyroidotomy
A 18 year old man presents to ED with gross lip and tongue swelling and difficulty breathing. He has a known peanut allergy and had been ea
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Clinical Effects of Cerebellar Lesion
A 25 year old woman presents to ED complaining of unsteadiness of her feet and slurred speech. On examination she demonstrates past-pointing
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Clinical Features of Gonorrhoea
Regarding gonorrhoea, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Function of Parathyroid Hormone
Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone:
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Blood Supply of the Ovary
The ovaries are supplied by the ovarian arteries, branches of which of the following:
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Function of the Gluteal Muscles
A 45 year old man sustains a gunshot wound to the gluteal region. During rehabilitation he complains of weakness abducting and medially rota
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Structure of the Gut Wall
In the gastrointestinal tract, where is the Auerbach's nerve plexus found:
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Conducting System of the Heart
Conduction of impulses between the atria and the ventricles is channelled through:
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Lymphatic Drainage of the Anal Canal
A 69 year old man presents to ED complaining of rectal bleeding. Examination reveals a tumour below the pectinate line. Which of the followi
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Routine Immunisation Schedule
Regarding the UK routine childhood immunisation schedule which of the following vaccines is NOT given at 12 months:
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Management of Meningococcal Disease
A 14 year old boy presents to ED unwell with a 8 hour history of fever, drowsiness and a rapidly spreading rash shown below, which his mum r
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Attachments of the Subscapularis Muscle
A 23 year old woman is thrown off her horse during a show jumping competition, landing on her shoulder. Imaging shows a fracture of the less
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Ciprofloxacin: Pharmacology
Regarding ciprofloxacin, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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JVP Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following JVP waveforms corresponds with isovolumetric contraction:
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Function of the Endothelium
Nitric oxide release from endothelium is stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT for:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
Arterial baroreceptors primarily detect which of the following:
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Management of Tachyarrhythmias
What is the first line alternative if adenosine is contraindicated in the management of a stable narrow-complex tachycardia:
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Innervation of the Teeth
An 18 year old student presents to ED with dental pain. She is found to have tooth decay affecting one of the right lower molar teeth. Which
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Conduction System of the Heart
A 42 year old man presents to ED complaining of feeling light-headed. At triage, his heart rate is found to be 40-60 bpm regular rhythm. ECG
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Incomplete Lesions of the Spinal Cord
A patient presents to ED following a fall from the roof of their house. They are complaining of back pain with focal neurological signs. Whi
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Characteristics of the Pulmonary Circulation
Regarding the pulmonary circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Risk Factors for Klebsiella Infection
Which patient group are most commonly associated with infection with Klebsiella spp:
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ALS Treatment Algorithm
In adult advanced life support, which of the following best describes the correct administration of adrenaline for a non-shockable rhythm:
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