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Date Completed: 20/03/2022
Page 1 of 13
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JVP Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following JVP waveforms corresponds with opening of the tricuspid valve:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
Regarding the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Characteristics of the Coronary Circulation
Regarding the coronary circulation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Calculation of Mean Arterial Pressure
Regarding pressures in the peripheral vascular system, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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JVP Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following JVP waveforms corresponds with atrial filling:
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Microstructure of the Cardiac Myocyte
Action potentials are transmitted from myocyte to myocyte via which of the following:
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Calculation of Cardiac Output
The cardiac output in a healthy adult male at rest is usually about:
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Function of the Endothelium
Regarding endothelin-1, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
In the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT for:
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Conducting System of the Heart
A patient's ECG has no P wave, but has a normal rhythm, QRS complex and T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In ventricular myocytes, repolarisation occurs because of a:
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
A patient with known heart failure presents with worsening breathlessness. On examination you find signs of pulmonary oedema. In heart failu
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
In the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Inotropic Effects on the Heart
Digoxin exhibits its positive inotropic effect by which of the following mechanisms:
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Inotropic Effects on the Heart
Which of the following has a negative inotropic effect on the heart:
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Action Potential of the Sinoatrial Node
The upstroke of the action potential of the sinoatrial node occurs due to which of the following:
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Microstructure of the Cardiac Myocyte
Which of the following structures prevents a direct electrical pathway from the atria to the ventricles:
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Characteristics of the Pulmonary Circulation
Regarding hypoxic vasoconstriction in pulmonary circulation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Mechanism of Postural Hypotension
Regarding postural hypotension, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
What is the effect of a positive inotrope on the Starling curve:
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Mechanism of Transcapillary Exchange
Regarding capillary transport, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In the ventricular myocyte action potential, depolarisation occurs because of a:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
When a person changes from a supine to an upright position, which of the following compensatory mechanisms occurs:
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JVP Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following JVP waveforms corresponds with isovolumetric contraction:
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Mechanism of Oedema Formation
The tendency for oedema to occur will be increased by which of the following:
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Function of the Endothelium
Endothelin-1 release from endothelium is stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT for:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
The afferent component of the baroreceptor reflex is carried in which of the following:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
What is the threshold potential of a ventricular myocyte:
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Characteristics of the Pulmonary Circulation
Regarding the pulmonary circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Regarding cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
An increase in contractility is demonstrated on a Frank-Starling curve by which of the following:
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Structure of the Peripheral Vascular System
Which of the following type of blood vessel contributes the most to total peripheral resistance:
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Heart Sounds during the Cardiac Cycle
Regarding the heart sounds in the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Arterial Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
What does the dicrotic notch on the arterial waveform represent:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
In the atrial systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT for:
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Calculation of Total Blood Volume
What is the normal total volume of blood in the circulatory system of a healthy adult male:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In the ventricular myocyte action potential, depolarisation occurs through the opening of:
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Hydrostatic vs Oncotic Pressure
Regarding the microcirculation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Microstructure of the Cardiac Myocyte
Which of the following provides strong mechanical adhesions between adjacent cardiac myocytes:
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Vasoconstriction vs Vasodilation
Most vasoconstrictors act to bring about this effect by which of the following mechanisms of action:
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Calculation of Cardiac Output
A patient has a cardiac output of 4.8 L/min and a heart rate of 80 bpm, therefore their stroke volume is:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Intracellular [Ca2+] rise in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is mainly as a result of:
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ECG Deflections during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following represents ventricular depolarisation on the ECG:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
Regarding the valves in the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
A shocked and septic a patient is brought to ED. ITU is called and the ITU registrar prescribes dilute IV adrenaline. What effect do inotrop
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Conducting System of the Heart
The physiological function of the slowed conduction through the atrioventricular node is to allow sufficient time for which of the following
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
In the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT for:
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Characteristics of the Skeletal Muscle Circulation
Regarding the skeletal muscle circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
Arterial baroreceptors are located primarily in which of the following:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
What is the resting potential of a ventricular myocyte:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In the ventricular myocyte action potential, repolarisation occurs through the:
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Mechanism of Postural Hypotension
What is the initial physiological effect resulting in postural hypotension:
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ECG Deflections during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following represents atrial depolarisation on the ECG:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
At the start of the cardiac cycle, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT for:
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Inotropic Effects on the Heart
Noradrenaline exhibits its positive inotropic effect by which of the following mechanisms:
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Characteristics of the Cutaneous Circulation
Regarding the cutaneous circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In the ventricular myocyte action potential, the plateau phase of the action potential occurs due to a:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
You are teaching a group of medical students about cardiovascular examination. You are discussing heart sounds and the cardiac cycle. Which
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ECG Deflections during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following represents ventricular repolarisation on the ECG:
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Calculation of Mean Arterial Pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is primarily determined by which of the following:
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Characteristics of the Skeletal Muscle Circulation
Regarding the skeletal muscle circulation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Characteristics of the Cerebral Circulation
Regarding the cerebral circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Calculation of Mean Arterial Pressure
What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a patient with a blood pressure of 110/80 mmHg:
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Calculation of Mean Arterial Pressure
Which of the following best describes the mean arterial pressure (MAP):
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Vasoconstriction vs Vasodilation
A patient presents to ED following a fall after feeling dizzy when standing up suddenly. You are explaining the baroreceptor reflex to a med
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Autonomic Nervous System Effects on the Heart
Sympathetic stimulation causes all of the following cardiovascular effects, EXCEPT for:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Regarding cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
In cardiac myocyte excitation-contraction coupling, Ca2+ is released from which of the following organelles:
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Conduction System of the Heart
A 42 year old man presents to ED complaining of feeling light-headed. At triage, his heart rate is found to be 40-60 bpm regular rhythm. ECG
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
When an elderly dehydrated patient is moved from a supine to a standing position, her blood pressure decreases and heart rate increases. Whi
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Vasoconstriction vs Vasodilation
Regarding vascular tone, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Action Potential of the Ventricular Myocyte
In ventricular myocytes, the plateau phase of the action potential comes about through which of the following:
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Microstructure of the Cardiac Myocyte
Cardiac myocytes are connected to each other by which of the following:
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Function of the Endothelium
Regarding endothelium derived nitric oxide, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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JVP Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following JVP waveforms corresponds with atrial relaxation:
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Action Potential of the Sinoatrial Node
Regarding the sinoatrial node (SAN), which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Structure of the Lymphatic System
Regarding the lymphatic system, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Function of the Endothelium
Nitric oxide release from endothelium is stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT for:
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Action Potential of the Sinoatrial Node
Regarding the sinoatrial node (SAN), which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Action Potential of the Sinoatrial Node
What is the resting membrane potential of the sinoatrial node:
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Definition of Einthoven's Triangle
Regarding Einthoven's triangle, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
Regarding the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Characteristics of the Cutaneous Circulation
Regarding the cutaneous circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Local Control of Blood Flow
The following are important mediators of metabolic hyperaemia in blood vessels, EXCEPT for:
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Conducting System of the Heart
Conduction of impulses between the atria and the ventricles is channelled through:
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Structure of the Peripheral Vascular System
Regarding blood vessels, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
All of the following cause a rightward shift along the Starling curve, EXCEPT for:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
In the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT for:
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Factors affecting the Starling Curve
All of the following cause a leftward shift along the Starling curve EXCEPT for:
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Characteristics of the Coronary Circulation
Regarding the coronary circulation, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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JVP Waveforms during the Cardiac Cycle
Which of the following JVP waveforms corresponds with atrial systole:
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Hydrostatic vs Oncotic Pressure
Regarding the microcirculation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
In cardiac myocyte excitation-contraction coupling, Ca2+ is released from intracellular stores directly in response to:
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Local Control of Blood Flow
Regarding autoregulation of local blood flow, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Heart Sounds during the Cardiac Cycle
What does the second heart sound correspond to on the ECG waveform:
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Characteristics of the Cerebral Circulation
Regarding the cerebral circulation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
Regarding the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Functional Anatomy of the Heart
Regarding the heart, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
Regarding the baroreceptor reflex, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
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Mechanism of the Baroreceptor Reflex
Arterial baroreceptors primarily detect which of the following:
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Heart Sounds during the Cardiac Cycle
What does the first heart sound correspond to on the ECG waveform:
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