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Date Completed: 06/10/2024
Page 1 of 24
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 82 year old woman is brought to the ED by her son. She complains of numbness in her fingers, her son was concerned this may have been a st
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Anatomical Relations of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 54 year old woman presents to the ED complaining of pain and swelling over the site of her recent carpal tunnel decompression. Which of th
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Function of the Ulnar Nerve
A 28 year old man presents to ED having falling off his bike. Imaging shows fracture of the medial epicondyle and ulnar nerve injury. Which
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Attachments of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
A patient presents with weakness of the left forearm and hand. You examine the strength of the muscles in the anterior forearm. The flexor c
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Digital Attachments of the Flexor Muscles
A 49 year old patient sustains a crush injury to his left hand. You are assessing muscle tendon function. Regarding the digital attachments
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Function of the Axillary Nerve
A basketball player presents to ED having fallen heavily onto his right arm during a game. X-ray shows a fracture of the surgical neck of th
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Attachments of the Interosseous Muscles
A 21 year old mechanic presents to ED after sustaining a crush injury to his middle finger whilst at work. Which of the following muscles i
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
A 36 year old builder is brought into the ED after falling through a roof on a construction site. He landed flat on his back from a height o
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Origin of the Ulnar Nerve
You are part of the trauma team caring for a 43 year old motorcyclist who has fallen from his bike in bad weather. His primary survey is unr
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to give a tutorial on C-spine injuries to a group of final year medical students. You decide to run through the anatomic
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 18 year patient old presents to ED following an injury to the distal crease of her wrist. You note a claw hand deformity with the fourth a
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Clinical Effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A patient presents to ED complaining of pins and needles over the lateral three and a half digits. You suspect carpal tunnel syndrome. Which
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Movements of the Radioulnar Joints
A patient sustains a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus with resultant damage to the radial nerve. He has wrist drop and is unable to
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to give a tutorial to a group of medical students about upper limb neurology. You decide to cover the sensory supply to
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Innervation of the Triceps Brachii Muscle
You are asked by a consultant to perform a neurological examination of the upper limb on a gentleman presenting with left arm weakness. You
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Function of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
Whilst examining the shoulder of a 27 year old woman you note she has weakness of certain movements. You suspect this is due to weakness of
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Origin of the Musculocutaneous Nerve
A 32 year old man presents to the ED following an altercation during which he received a stab wound to the right axilla. You suspect a muscu
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Origin of the Radial Nerve
A 45 year old woman presents to the ED on New Year's Day. She complains of loss of feeling over the dorsum of her hand and is unable to exte
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Attachments of the Teres Major Muscle
A 59 year old man presents to the ED complaining of pain and weakness in his left shoulder. You note medial rotation and extension of the sh
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A patient sustains an injury to the radial nerve through a midshaft humeral fracture. Which of the following clinical findings would you LEA
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 45 year old woman sustains an injury to the median nerve at the elbow after falling awkwardly. Which of the following clinical features ar
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Assessment of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
A 29 year old man presents with pain in his right shoulder. You are performing a full shoulder examination including special tests. You ask
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 29 year old male presents to ED having falling awkwardly during a judo match. On examination he is unable to flex his index and middle fin
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Function of the Serratus Anterior Muscle
A 49 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after an alleged assault by multiple assailants. During examination he displays signs
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Clinical Effects of Extensor Tendon Injury
A 34 year old patient presents to ED having sustained an injury to her right hand whilst playing cricket. She is unable to fully straighten
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Function of the Median Nerve
You have been asked to review a 43 year old man who presents with weakness to the right arm after falling. You perform a neurological examin
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
A patient presents following a road traffic collision. MRI imaging shows C7 - T1 disc herniation with C8 nerve root impingement. Where wou
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Function of the Supraspinatus Muscle
A patient presents to ED with an anterior shoulder dislocation sustained while playing rugby. Following successful reduction, he is unable t
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Attachments of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
A 64 year old man presents to the ED following a road traffic collision. His primary survey is normal and you proceed to complete a secondar
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Attachments of the Trapezius Muscle
You are examining the shoulder of a 35 year old woman who presents to the ED after slipping on ice. She describes falling backward and landi
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 32 year old man presents to ED with a deep laceration to the proximal part of the forearm. On further assessment, when the patient is aske
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Function of the Posterior Forearm Muscles
A 39 year old man presents to ED complaining of pain over the lateral epicondyle of the right arm. You suspect lateral epicondylitis, which
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Function of the Biceps Brachii Muscle
You are asked to review a 37 year old rugby player who has torn his biceps brachii tendon. The biceps brachii muscle acts to primarily perfo
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 72 year old man is brought to the ED by his daughter. He is complaining of a numbness in his right arm. On examination you note he has los
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Anatomical Course of the Median Nerve
A 21 year old male presents to ED having sustained a stab wound to the left antecubital fossa. Which of the following structures would most
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Innervation of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
Your consultant asks you to examine the shoulder of a 35 year old man as he has some positive findings. The patient is unable to adduct, med
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Movements of the Hand Joints
A 16 year old girl presents complaining of weakness of her left hand following an injury to her left arm. On examination she has weakness of
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Attachments of the Interosseous Muscles
A 34 year old tree surgeon suffers a crush injury to the entire little finger. Which of the following would you least expect to be affected
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Function of the Radial Nerve
A patient sustains an injury to the proximal radial nerve as a result of a stab wound. Which of the following areas of skin would you least
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Attachments of the Trapezius Muscle
You are examining the shoulder of a 20 year old football player who complains of pain following a collision during an aerial challenge for t
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Origin of the Axillary Nerve
A 24 year old man presents following a seizure. He has severe epilepsy and regularly dislocates his left shoulder. He has dislocated his sh
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Attachments of the Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle
A 76 year old man presents to the ED complaining of weakness in the right wrist. On examination you note weakness of flexion and abduction.
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Origin of the Musculocutaneous Nerve
You are examining the left arm of a patient who presents after being stabbed in the axilla. You note loss of sensation over the lateral for
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Function of the Coracobrachialis Muscle
You are asked to review a 45 year old carpenter who presents with weakness and pain in his left arm. You decide to test the strength of his
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Function of the Triceps Brachii Muscle
You are asked to review a 25 year old netball player who presents with pain in her right arm. You decide to test the strength of her right a
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Assessment of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
A 75 year old woman presents with pain and stiffness in her left shoulder joint. You are teaching a medical student how to perform a full sh
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Articulations of the Radioulnar Joints
You are giving a tutorial regarding forearm injuries to a group of final year medical students. You are discussing Galeazzi fractures. Which
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to perform a neurological exam of the upper limb of a patient brought in following a fall onto his left shoulder. Whilst
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 29 year old patient has sustained a laceration to his arm and damaged the nerve that lies medially in the antecubital fossa. What loss of
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Articulations of the Wrist Joint
A 56 year old illustrator presents to the ED with a 3 day history of right wrist pain. He is concerned as this is affecting his work. On exa
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Contents of the Carpal Tunnel
A 47 year old secretary presents to the ED complaining of pain in the left wrist. After examination you suspect carpal tunnel syndrome. Whic
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Function of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle
A 35 year old man presents to the ED after falling approximately 1 metre from a ladder, landing on his right shoulder. Your consultant exami
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Muscles of the Hypothenar Eminence
A 43 year old man sustains an injury to the proximal ulnar nerve after falling through a greenhouse door. Which of the following muscles wou
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Assessment of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
Your consultant performs a thorough shoulder examination on a patient with suspected rotator cuff injury on his left side. He asks the patie
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Clinical Effects of Axillary Nerve Injury
You are reviewing a 23 year old woman who has sustained a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus after falling from her bike. On exami
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Function of the Axillary Nerve
You have been asked to review a gentleman who has sustained a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus. You are concerned about an axill
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You are performing the secondary survey of a 21 year old gymnast who fell from a parallel bar, landing on her neck. She tells you she canno
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Function of the Infraspinatus Muscle
Your consultant has reviewed an 82 year old gentleman complaining of weakness in the right shoulder, she suspects an infraspinatus injury. T
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A 34 year old woman sustains a midshaft humerus fracture with nerve damage falling off a horse. Which of the following movements would most
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Muscles of the Thenar Eminence
You have been asked to review a 32 year old pastry chef. She sustained a laceration to her left thenar eminence whilst working. Which of th
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Clinical Effects of Brachial Plexus Injury
A 28 year old patient presents to ED having been involved in a road traffic accident where he was thrown off his motorbike. After excluding
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Function of the Trapezius Muscle
You are examining the left shoulder of a woman who complains of progressive weakness in the left arm. On examination you detect a weakness i
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Innervation of the Subscapularis Muscle
You are asked to review a 54 year old man who presents with isolated weakness of the right shoulder. On examination you note the patient is
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Attachments of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle
A 23 year old woman presents to ED complaining of pain in the left shoulder. You are examining the pectoral muscles. The pectoralis minor mu
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Origin of the Humeral Circumflex Arteries
You are reviewing a 32 year old builder who has fallen on site and sustained fracture of the proximal humerus. Your consultant is concerned
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Function of the Median Nerve
A patient sustains an injury to the proximal median nerve after falling through a glass door. Which of the following muscles would you not e
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Clinical Effects of Brachial Plexus Injury
A patient is involved in a road traffic accident and is left with weakness in his left arm. He has been told he has an Erb's palsy due to da
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Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
A 43 year old woman has presented to the ED in distress. She tells you she has found a new lump in her left breast. She is new to the area a
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Movements of the Hand Joints
A 54 year old carpenter has sustained a laceration to his left hand with a stanley knife. He is unable to flex the proximal interphalangeal
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Anatomical Course of the Radial Nerve
A 69 year old lady presents to ED having tripped on a curb and fallen on her left arm. Imaging shows a midshaft fracture of the humerus. Whi
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Digital Attachments of the Posterior Forearm Muscles
Regarding the distal attachments of the posterior forearm muscle tendons, which of the following is paired CORRECTLY:
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Origin of the Median Nerve
You are part of the trauma team caring for a 23 year old female who was extracted from a car following a head on collision with another veh
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Origin of the Palmar Aponeurosis
You have been asked to review a wound on the hand of a 42 year old gardener. He sustained a deep laceration to the right palm whilst cutting
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Anatomy of the Carpal Tunnel
A patient presents with pain in the wrist and a tingling in the hand. On examination Tinel's test is positive and you diagnose carpal tunnel
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Boundaries of the Anatomical Snuffbox
A 67 year old woman presents to the ED after falling onto an outstretched hand. You x-ray her left wrist and note no fracture. You discuss
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Clinical Effects of Extensor Tendon Injury
A 26 year old woman presents to ED having sustained a deep laceration to the dorsum of her ring finger whilst cooking. Her proximal interpha
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 29 year old woman presents to ED after injuring her left elbow. She is complaining of weak grip in her left hand. You ask her to hold onto
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Anatomy of the Palmar Arches
You have been asked to teach a group of medical students about hand injuries. You cover some anatomical principles including blood supply to
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A 71 year old lady attends ED complaining of pain in her arm following a fall. Imaging demonstrates a midshaft humerus fracture. An injury o
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Function of the Musculocutaneous Nerve
An 18 year old man presents to the ED following a street robbery. He has received a single stab wound to the right axilla. On examination of
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Articulations of the Elbow Joint
A 65 year old man presents to the ED complaining of right elbow pain. He describes a 3 day history of increasing swelling and pain at the ri
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 16 year old boy sustains a supracondylar fracture falling off his skateboard. He is unable to flex the distal interphalangeal joint of his
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 23 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a painful swelling in her right axilla. On examination you note a te
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Ligaments of the Shoulder Joint
You are asked to review a 16 year old girl who presents with a right shoulder dislocation. This is her seventh right shoulder dislocation wi
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
A 27 year old rugby player is brought to the ED complaining of neck pain after a scrum collapsed. On examination he is tender over C7 and T1
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 65 year old woman presents to the ED complaining of paresthesia in the left arm. On examination you note she has no sensation over the lat
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
An 18 year old gymnast presents to ED following a misjudged landing with an injury to her right upper limb. You perform a full examination o
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 24 year old carpenter presents to ED with an upper limb injury. He complains of weakness of flexion of the thumb, index and middle finger
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Dorsal Compartments of the Wrist
A 28 year old man presents to ED with a stab wound to lateral dorsal wrist. Imaging shows damage to the first dorsal compartment of the wris
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 54 year old patient presents to ED complaining of weakness in her right hand. She has recently undergone an endoscopic nerve release for c
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 26 year old woman presents complaining of numbness in her right hand. On examination she has no sensation to the skin over the lateral hal
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Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint
A 75 year old lady presents to ED complaining of pain in her shoulder following a fall onto an outstretched hand. Imaging shows dislocation
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 43 year old artist presents to the ED complaining of numbness affecting the thumb, index, middle, and lateral half of the ring finger, inc
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Innervation of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle
An 18 year old man presents to the Emergency Department following a rugby match. He is complaining of pain over his left shoulder and is una
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Function of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
A 23 year old gymnast presents to the ED following a fall in training. She is complaining of pain over the left pectoralis muscle. During ex
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Function of the Musculocutaneous Nerve
Your consultant asks you to examine a patient he has seen. He suspects he may have a traumatic musculocutaneous nerve injury. The musculocut
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Innervation of the Trapezius Muscle
You are examining the shoulder of a 43 year old woman who complains of progressive weakness in her left arm. You note wasting of the left tr
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Anatomical Course of the Axillary Nerve
A 32 year old presents to the ED after falling from a table and sustaining trauma to the left arm. Which of the following injuries is most l
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
An 18 year old lady has sustained a posterior dislocation of the radius with damage to the deep branch of the radial nerve after falling awk
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 54 year old woman presents to ED having sustained a laceration to the palm of her hand while gardening. She is unable to oppose her thumb,
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You form part of the trauma team caring for a 19 year old woman who was knocked from her moped by a car. A full primary survey has been comp
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Clinical Effects of Long Thoracic Nerve Injury
A 28 year old man presents to ED followed an alleged assault whilst out drinking. He received blunt trauma to his right axilla. He is compla
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Ligaments of the Radioulnar Joints
You have been asked to review a patient with a Monteggia fracture. The proximal radioulnar joint is primarily supported by which of the foll
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Movements of the Radioulnar Joints
A 26 year old builder presents to ED with an injury to his left upper limb whilst at work. He is unable to supinate his forearm. Which of th
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 42 year old construction worker has sustained a penetrating injury to his left forearm. On examination, he is unable to form the 'ok' sign
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Divisions of the Brachial Plexus
You are performing the secondary survey on a patient following a road traffic collision. The patient was riding a motorcycle when he lost c
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Clinical Effects of Rotator Cuff Injury
A patient presents to ED having injured his right shoulder playing basketball. You establish he has torn the most commonly injured rotator c
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Function of the Radial Nerve
A patient sustains an injury to the radial nerve as a result of a glenohumeral joint dislocation. Which of the following muscles would you N
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Movements of the Shoulder Joint
A 28 year old man involved in a road traffic collision, is unable to abduct his arm at the glenohumeral joint. Which of the following nerves
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 48 year old presents to ED having sustained a deep laceration to his right upper limb. On examination he is unable to extend the interphal
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 32 year old woman presents to ED following an injury to her right elbow. She is complaining of weak grip in her right hand. You ask her
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Palpation of the Radial Artery
You are demonstrating a vascular examination on a patient to a group of medical students. Where is the radial artery pulsation best palpated
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Contents of the Anatomical Snuffbox
A 54 year old man presents to the ED after tripping on a kerb. He tells you he fell onto his outstretched right hand. He complains of pain
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Origin of the Ulnar Nerve
You are asked to review a 23 year old woman who presents to ED after a road traffic collision a few hours earlier. She describes crashing he
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Innervation of the Posterior Forearm Muscles
A 32 year old man sustains an injury to the proximal radial nerve after falling from a ladder. Which of the following muscles would you NOT
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Anatomy of the Interosseous Muscles
A 67 year old patient complains of weakness of abduction and adduction of his fingers. You suspect weakness of the interossei. Regarding the
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Ligaments of the Shoulder Joint
A patient presents to ED with a shoulder dislocation. Which of the following ligaments helps resist superior displacement of the humeral hea
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 54 year old lady presents to ED having injured her left arm. She is complaining of weak hand grip of her left hand. The patient is unable
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Function of the Subscapularis Muscle
A 46 year old tennis player has presented to the Emergency Department complaining of pain in his left shoulder. After a thorough examination
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Attachments of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
You have been asked to give a tutorial regarding the muscles of the shoulder region to a group of medical students. One of the students asks
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 32 year old woman sustains an injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow after sustaining a fracture of the medial epicondyle. Which of the fo
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 29 year old fell heavily while base-jumping and presents to ED with a painful right arm. X-ray shows a fracture of the medial epicondyle.
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Boundaries of the Anatomical Snuffbox
A 78 year old woman suffers a destructive injury to the anatomical snuff box region after falling on an outstretched hand. Which of the foll
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Articulations of the Wrist Joint
A 87 year old woman is brought in to the ED by her concerned family. They describe increasing swelling and tenderness of her right wrist. S
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Divisions of the Brachial Plexus
You have been asked to perform the secondary survey of a patient following a fall from a horse. She describes her neck being forcibly flexe
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Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
A 40 year old woman is found to have a suspicious breast lump just superior and lateral to the areolar region of her left breast. She underg
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Contents of the Anatomical Snuffbox
A 31 year old lady slipped on a wet bathroom floor and fell onto her outstretched hand. She is tender over the anatomical snuffbox and imagi
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Origin of the Brachial Plexus
You are part of the trauma team caring for a 23 year old tree surgeon who has fallen approximately 7 metres from a tree. He tells you that a
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Assessment of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
A patient presents following a shoulder injury. You suspect a rotator cuff tear and are assessing the function of the rotator cuff muscles.
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Innervation of the Anterior Arm Muscles
A 54 year old man presents to the ED after falling onto his right arm. On examination he is unable to flex at the elbow and you suspect weak
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Clinical Effects of Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury
A patient presents to ED with a stab wound to the axilla. On examination you note weakness of elbow flexion and forearm supination. Which of
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Anatomy of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 21 year old patient sustains a laceration which transects the flexor retinaculum. Regarding the flexor retinaculum, which of the following
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Function of the Deltoid Muscle
You have been called urgently to assess a patient. They have sustained a deep laceration to the right deltoid muscle after an alleged assau
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Attachments of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
A 67 year old man is brought into the ED following a road traffic collision. You are performing a secondary survey. You note he is tender ov
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 21 year old presents to ED with an injury to his left arm after falling from a skateboard. Imaging shows a supracondylar fracture. Which n
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Function of the Brachialis Muscle
You are asked to review a 45 year old carpenter who presents with weakness and pain in his left arm. You decide to test the strength of his
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Function of the Teres Minor Muscle
You have been asked to give a teaching session to the final year medical students attached to your ED. As part of the session you decide to
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Articulations of the Elbow Joint
You are asked to review a 21 year old woman who presents with right elbow pain. She has fallen from a table whilst intoxicated. On examinati
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Articulations of the Sternoclavicular Joint
You are asked to review a 76 year old man who presents with pain and tenderness over the right sternoclavicular joint. You note the sternocl
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Anatomy of the Lumbrical Muscles
A patient presents to ED complaining of weakness in her right hand. After examination, you suspect weakness of the lumbrical muscles. Regard
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Clinical Effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A patient presents to ED complaining of pain and paraesthesia in her right hand which becomes worse at night. Her symptoms have been ongoing
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 21 year old gymnast fell from overhead bars during a competition but managed to grab hold of the bar with her left arm, breaking her fall
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Function of the Median Nerve
A 34 year old man sustains an injury to the proximal median nerve following a stab wound to the forearm. Which of the following muscles woul
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Innervation of the Teres Major Muscle
You are asked to review a 27 year old woman who presents to the ED after she was stabbed in the posterior shoulder during an altercation. Th
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Anatomical Relations of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 48 year old man presents to ED having sustained a superficial laceration to his wrist on broken glass. Which of the following structures p
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Function of the Median Nerve
You are reviewing a 38 year old woman who presents to the Emergency Department following a supracondylar fracture. You are concerned she ma
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Anatomical Course of the Brachial Artery
A 32 year old construction worker presents to ED after an accident on the job. The tendon of the biceps brachii at the elbow has been sever
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Attachments of the Lumbrical Muscles
A 21 year old man presents to the ED after sustaining a penetrating knife injury to the hand. You suspect injury to the structure attached
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 30 year old man attends ED with a deep knife wound to his distal forearm. He is unable to hold a piece of paper between his fingers and is
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Clinical Effects of Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury
A 54 year old man is admitted to the ED having been involved in a road traffic collision. He has sustained multiple fractures of the humerus
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Movements of the Shoulder Joint
A patient attends ED following a fall off a mountain bike during a trail ride onto his shoulder and arm. He is complaining of weakness of hi
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Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
A 23 year old decorator presents to ED complaining of pain and weakness in his shoulder after painting a ceiling. You suspect a rotator cuf
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Clinical Effects of Axillary Nerve Injury
A 45 year old woman is brought to ED having fallen down the stairs and injured her right arm. On examination she is unable to abduct her arm
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Innervation of the Thenar Muscles
A 27 year old woman sustains an injury to the proximal median nerve after cutting herself whilst separating frozen chicken breasts using a
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Assessment of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
A 28 year old man presents to ED having injured his right shoulder playing basketball. You position the patient as shown in the image below.
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Articulations of the Shoulder Joint
A 32 year old karate instructor presents to the ED following a training session. He describes falling onto his abducted left arm. The patien
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Cords of the Brachial Plexus
A 74 year old lady slipped on a pavement and as she fell managed to grab hold off a tree branch hanging overhead before falling to the floor
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to review a patient in the Minor Injuries Unit. The 32 year old sustained a laceration to the forearm during a fight. He
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to make a quick assessment of a patient's upper limb neurology as part of a secondary survey. You test each dermatome
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Dermatomal supply of the Upper Limb
A patient is brought to ED following a significant fall from a ladder. You are performing a neurological examination and note numbness over
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Function of the Axillary Nerve
Your consultant is telling you about a recent patient he saw. The patient had dislocated their shoulder during a tonic-clonic seizure and su
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Attachments of the Subscapularis Muscle
A 34 year old office worker presents to the Emergency Department complaining of pain in the left shoulder. You perform a full shoulder exami
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Origin of the Axillary Nerve
A 23 year old man presents to the ED complaining of difficulty moving his left arm. On examination you note weakness of abduction of the sho
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Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint
You are asked to review a 34 year old rugby player who has presented with shoulder pain following a tackle. X-ray reveals an acromioclavicul
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Anatomical Course of the Axillary Nerve
A 79 year old lady tripped on a curb and landed on her outstretched hand. Imaging shows a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus. Whic
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Innervation of the Serratus Anterior Muscle
A 34 year old presents to the ED following a road traffic collision. His primary survey is unremarkable. During secondary survey you note t
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Ligaments of the Elbow Joint
A 23 year old woman presents to the ED after falling and sustaining a dislocation of the right elbow. Regarding the ligaments of the elbow,
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A patient sustains an injury to the radial nerve at the axilla after sustaining a stab wound. Which of the following clinical findings would
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Attachments of the Serratus Anterior Muscle
You have been asked by a consultant colleague to prepare a teaching session for a group of medical students. He would like you to focus on t
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Ligaments of the Sternoclavicular Joint
A 16 year old hockey player presents to the ED after colliding with another player during training. She is tender over the right clavicle an
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Innervation of the Teres Minor Muscle
A 25 year old patient presents to the Emergency Department following a fall from a horse. She landed on her left shoulder and has since comp
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Palpation of the Brachial Artery
A 22 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after being stabbed in the upper arm. You plan to perform a vascular examination. The
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Boundaries of the Anatomical Snuffbox
A 67 year old woman presents to the ED after falling onto an outstretched hand. You x-ray her left wrist and note no fracture. You discuss
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 58 year old man sustains an injury to the ulnar nerve and complains of sensory loss. Which of the following areas of skin would you LEAST
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Anatomical Relations of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 41 year old man presents to ED having sustained an injury to his left anterior wrist. On examination you note the laceration lies anterior
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Infection of the Flexor Tendon Sheath
A 32 year old farm worker has presented to the ED with an infected laceration on a finger. You are concerned about the possible spread of in
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Attachments of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 29 year old woman is brought to the ED after concerns were raised for her welfare by a neighbour. She has a deep laceration to the anterio
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Origin of the Radial Nerve
A 64 year old woman presents to the ED following a motorcycle accident. Your consultant has diagnosed a brachial plexus injury with features
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Infection of the Flexor Tendon Sheath
A 20 year old woman presents to ED with a painful swollen digit. The infection appears to have spread to the common flexor sheath. Which of
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Function of the Supraspinatus Muscle
You have been asked to review a 32 year old javelin thrower who complains of pain in the right shoulder. On examination you note tenderness
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Anatomy of the Supratrochlear Lymph Nodes
You are asked to assess a 32 year old woman who presents with a five day history of fever and right arm swelling following a cat scratch. O
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Movements of the Shoulder Joint
Following a road traffic accident, a patient has difficulty laterally rotating his arm. Which of the following muscles have most likely been
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Function of the Brachioradialis Muscle
You are examining the arm of a 34 year old man who has injured his radial nerve. You test the muscles supplied by the radial nerve. The brac
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A patient, with a known history of self-harm, has sustained an ulnar nerve injury following a deliberate laceration to the volar wrist. Whic
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Function of the Teres Major Muscle
Your consultant asks you to examine the shoulder of a patient he suspects to have teres major weakness. The teres major muscle acts to produ
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Anatomy of the Infraclavicular Lymph Nodes
A 32 year old man presents to the ED with a 4 day history of fever and malaise. He has recently moved to the UK from South Africa to study.
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Dermatomal supply of the Upper Limb
A 32 year old motorcyclist has been brought in following a head on collision with a car. Following initial resuscitation, you are performin
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Attachments of the Extensor Retinaculum
You have been asked to review a 45 year old gardener who has sustained a laceration to the dorsal surface of their wrist. You are concerned
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Attachments of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
A 39 year old man is brought to ED having sustained a stab wound to the posterolateral trunk at the level of the T7 vertebra. Which of the f
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Assessment of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
A 39 year old woman presents to ED with a painful left shoulder. Your consultant is completing a mini-CEX and is observing you performing a
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 32 year old electrician presents to the ED after sustaining a laceration to the forearm. On examination of the hand you note loss of sensa
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Attachments of the Subscapularis Muscle
A 23 year old woman is thrown off her horse during a show jumping competition, landing on her shoulder. Imaging shows a fracture of the less
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Anatomical Course of the Ulnar Artery
A 23 year old man presents to the ED after cutting his forearm. On examination there is a deep laceration with an arterial spurt. You suspec
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A 35 year old man attends ED having been thrown off his mountain bike and fallen onto his right arm. You note numerous abrasions and bruise
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Contents of the Carpal Tunnel
A 57 year old woman presents to the ED complaining of pain in her wrist associated with tingling in her hand. You suspect carpal tunnel synd
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Function of the Ulnar Nerve
A 17 year old footballer sustains an injury to the proximal ulnar nerve after fracturing his elbow. Which of the following muscles would you
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Origin of the Median Nerve
You are performing the secondary survey of a 32 year old tree surgeon who has fallen approximately 10 metres. You note a weakness to the ri
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Attachments of the Anterior Forearm Muscles
You are examining the arm of a 23 year old electrician who has sustained a fracture of the humerus following a fall. On examination he finds
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A patient presents to ED having fallen on her left arm at a roller disco party. She has fractured the medial epicondyle of the humerus and d
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Clinical Effects of Median Nerve Injury
A 21 year old female presents to ED following an attempted suicide attempt. She has a deep laceration to her anterior forearm. Further explo
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Contents of the Carpal Tunnel
A patient presents with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following is the most lateral structure in the carpal tunnel:
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Movements of the Hand Joints
A 21 year old man presents to ED with multiple lacerations to his right upper limb, after falling through a ground floor window during a fig
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Attachments of the Flexor Retinaculum
A 29 year old woman is brought to the ED after concerns were raised for her welfare by a neighbour. She has a deep laceration to the anterio
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm
A 23 year old woman sustains a laceration injury to her posterior forearm. Which of the following muscles would you least expect to be affec
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm
A patient sustains an injury to the anterior compartment of the forearm after falling from a bicycle. Which of the following muscles would y
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Clinical Effects of Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury
A 45 year old man presents to the ED after falling onto railings. One protruding railing punctured his right axilla, your consultant suspect
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 24 year old butcher has sustained a deep laceration to the distal crease of the wrist where he has cut through the ulnar nerve. Which of t
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Innervation of the Deltoid Muscle
You have been asked to assess a patient who nursing staff are concerned about. The 26 year old patient fell whilst intoxicated, landing awkw
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
Your consultant asks you to perform a neurological assessment of a trauma patient. The patient fell approximately 4 metres on a building si
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You have been asked to give a tutorial on upper limb neurology to a group of final year medical students. As part of the session you discuss
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Clinical Effects of Brachial Plexus Injury
A 23 year old woman is brought into ED having been thrown off horseback during a competition. She has no major injuries but is complaining o
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Movements of the Shoulder Joint
A 35 year old woman was involved in a road traffic accident 8 weeks ago, where she suffered a fracture of the lateral border of the scapula.
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
A 43 year old tree surgeon is brought to the ED after falling approximately 10 metres from a tree. During assessment of the C-spine he comp
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Articulations of the Acromioclavicular Joint
A 67 year old builder presents to the Emergency Department complaining of a 3 month history of a painful right shoulder. He has seen his GP
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A 26 year old man is involved in a fall while playing rugby and has sustained a spiral fracture of the midshaft of the humerus to his left a
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Innervation of the Infraspinatus Muscle
You have been asked to review a 65 year old woman who presents with a 2 week history of pain and weakness of the left shoulder. On examinati
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Anatomy of the Anterior Forearm Veins
You have been asked to give a tutorial to a group of nurses regarding venous cannulation. As part of the session you cover the basic anatomy
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
You are asked to review a 62 year old woman who presents with a numb left arm. On examination you note she lacks sensation to the skin over
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Clinical Effects of Axillary Nerve Injury
A rugby player has injured his left shoulder during a match. He has anaesthesia on the skin on the lateral proximal arm over the deltoid mus
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A patient presents to ED complaining of weakness in her left arm. She tells you she sustained a fracture to this arm about 2 months ago, but
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Clinical Effects of Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury
You have been asked to give a tutorial on common upper limb neurology to a group of medical students. You use the example of a man falling f
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Attachments of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
An 85 year old man presents to the ED following a fall at home. On examination you note he is tender over the distal attachment of the latis
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Clinical Effects of Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury
A 20 year old patient attends ED having received a gunshot wound to his right arm. Following initial resuscitative measures, it is establish
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Innervation of the Supraspinatus Muscle
A 72 year old retired engineer presents to the Emergency Department complaining of pain and weakness in his left shoulder. On examination yo
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Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
A 35 year old woman has undergone a total mastectomy for breast cancer. Postoperatively she complains of loss of sensation in the inner aspe
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Anatomical Course of the Brachial Artery
A patient presents to ED having sustained a laceration to the antecubital fossa with transection of the main vessel. Which of the following
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Clinical Effects of Ulnar Nerve Injury
A 19 year old male attends ED having sustained a stab wound to his upper limb. On examination, the patient is unable to flex the distal inte
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Clinical Effects of Long Thoracic Nerve Injury
Following a road traffic collision, a patient sustains damage to the long thoracic nerve. Which of the following clinical findings would you
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Clinical Effects of Shoulder Joint Dislocation
A 28 year old man is brought to ED with a severely painful arm after being involved in a collapsed scrum during a rugby match. An x-ray of h
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Attachments of the Subscapularis Muscle
A 74 year old man is brought into ED after falling down the stairs. He is complaining of pain in his left arm. X-ray shows fracture of the g
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Innervation of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
A 38 year old man is brought into the ED following an altercation with another male, during which he has suffered a laceration to the right
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Innervation of the Posterior Forearm Muscles
You are performing a neurological examination on a patient who complains of weakness of the left arm. You note muscle wasting in the poster
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Anatomy of the Anterior Arm Muscles
A 48 year old man presents to the ED complaining of pain in his right arm. He has a history of intravenous drug use. He has marked erythema
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Clinical Effects of Brachial Plexus Injury
You have been asked to give a teaching session regarding the brachial plexus to a group of final year medical students. Regarding Klumpke's
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Clinical Effects of UInar Nerve Injury
A 16 year old boy is brought to ED having fallen off his skateboard. He is complaining of pain and weakness in his right upper limb. Imaging
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Clinical Effects of Brachial Plexus Injury
A patient is involved in a road traffic accident and is left with weakness in his left arm. He has been told he has an Erb's palsy due to da
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Clinical Effects of Brachial Plexus Injury
You are reviewing a patient following a fall from a horse. You suspect they may have an Erb's palsy as a result of a brachial plexus injury.
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Dermatomal Supply of the Upper Limb
You are part of the trauma team caring for a 18 year old horse rider who fell when jumping a fence. She is complaining of pain in her neck.
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Clinical Effects of Radial Nerve Injury
A 19 year old student fell asleep after a night of drinking with his arm hanging over the back of a chair. He presents to ED complaining of
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